Consumer Finance in Japan
Euromonitor International's Consumer Finance in Japan report establishes the size and structure of the market for ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, store cards and smart cards. It looks at key players in the market (issuers and operators), number of cards in circulation, numbers transactions and value of transactions. It offers strategic analysis of sector forecasts and trends to watch.
Buy online to access strategic market analysis and an interactive statistical database of value and volume for retail and internet transactions, number of cards in circulation and company brand shares.
Tables: 159 | Publication date: Jun 2009
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Product coverage
Consumer lending; Financial cards and payments
Executive summary
Rapid development in contactless pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce
In 2008, pre-paid cards/e-wallet products and m-commerce were areas of dynamic growth in Japan. Having been exposed to heavy advertising throughout 2007, consumers are now getting used to the idea and convenience of cashless payments, especially for small sums. Within this area, transportation pre-paid cards/e-wallets have been the major driving force, as consumers find it easier and more cashless payments for purchasing tickets. Some consumers who are keen on cash back or points programmes are using their cards more often than previously, as they have been drawn to the offers available.
Credit cards increasingly used for daily expenses
For a long time, credit cards in Japan were mostly used as payment tools for particular occasions, such as overseas travel or one-off purchases. However, the review period saw usage of credit cards branch out significantly to extend to daily payments, pushing transaction volumes upwards. More public utilities bills are payable with credit cards. By 2008, water, gas, electricity and tax bills, could be paid paying by credit card, as could pension fees at municipality offices and the fees of a number of hospitals. This has increased the tendency among consumers to use their credit cards as a means of payment. This trend has been enhanced by credit card companies increasing their advertising, which they have done in part as the cash advance function is now less profitable, due to the change in the Money Lending Business Law in December 2006. It is thus more crucial for the credit card companies to take every opportunity to replace cash and make credit cards the tool for payment of everyday expenses in Japan.
On-line player eBANK makes strides with Visa debit
Since its launch in November 2007, eBANK has gained a substantial number of new cardholders for its eBANK Money Card, with Visa debit function. The easier screening of Visa debit compared to credit cards has gained consumers’ attention. Visa debit has proved particularly popular among young people and those who have difficulties getting credit cards, and it has opened the way to on-line shopping for them. The debit card concept also fits better with the Japanese fondness for using cash rather than credit, and does not lead to cardholders over-spending, thus more consumers are finding it attractive to hold one.
China Union Pay spreading across retailers
Since the acceptance of China Union Pay started in December 2005, the number of accepting retailers has increased rapidly, in line with the increasing number of Chinese tourists visiting Japan. With the global economic downturn, the much higher average transactions made by Chinese tourists have been welcomed by Japanese retailers, who are operating in a stagnant market, and, as such, China Union Pay is becoming a key component of the financial cards industry.
Lower interest rates following Money Lending Business Law reform damages financial card companies
The reform of the Money Lending Business Law, in December 2006 reduced interest rates for uncollateralised consumer loans from a maximum of 29.2% to 15-20% as lending companies were taking advantage of the borrowers. In 2007, credit card and consumer loan companies were heavily damaged by the reduction in profits caused by lowering of the maximum interest rate. A number of mergers and acquisitions have already taken place in the review period, but the 2008-2013 forecast period will see tougher environment for these companies, and it is expected that more mergers and acquisitions will occur happen between major consumer finance companies.
KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce gaining customers continuously since 2007
In 2008, pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce contactless payment schemes became more familiar to Japanese consumers. The value of transactions using general purpose pre-paid cards increased by 5%, to ¥946 billion, while transaction value of other pre-paid cards decreased by 3% to ¥1,658 billion, due to the phasing out of magnetic pre-paid cards. There are six types of pre-paid contactless card and six types of post-paid e-purses in use in the metropolitan Tokyo area. Three newcomers, PASMO by Passnet Association, Nanaco by Seven & I Holdings Co Ltd, and WAON by Aeon Credit Service Co Ltd, contributed to growth in both value and volume transactions of pre-paid cards.
PASMO issued over 8 million cards within one year of its launch, in March 2007. The cards are mainly used as transportation pre-paid cards, although holders are increasingly appreciating the ease with which it can be used at kiosks, shops inside stations and some vending machines. Nanaco is mostly targeted at customers in 7-Eleven convenience stores, and has gained more than 3.8 million cardholders. According to a company press release, Nanaco has a very high level of volume transactions, at around 30 million per month. Post-paid e-wallets are less popular than the pre-paid type, since they require a credit card account that can be debited at the end of the month.
The share of m-commerce is still not large. There seem to be two very divergent attitudes towards m-commerce: those who have used their mobile phone as a payment method have tended to find it very convenient to, but many people have been very reluctant to start using it. The obstacle is often that they cannot download the system easily on their phone, so that they do not use m-commerce, even though most Japanese mobile phones have the capacity to offer m-commerce functionality.
Current Impact
The average spend per transaction using general purpose pre-paid cards in 2008 was ¥614, while for other pre-paid cards the average transaction value was ¥294. This is quite low compared with the ¥9,000 average transaction value for credit cards, which are the leading type of financial card in Japan in terms of total transaction value. This indicates a clear difference in consumers’ attitudes towards the cards, with pre-paid cards being used for micropayments and credit cards for larger sums.
The easier access to pre-paid cards, which do not carry any limitations as to the age or status of the cardholder, has contributed to the increase in pre-paid card usage. It is often the case that parents give their children pre-paid cards, so that they can buy snacks or light meals at convenience stores, while retaining control of their children’s use of money. The speed of use of pre-paid cards and an end to accumulating small change when shopping ha made them popular among busy people in the cities, especially in the business areas during the morning and at lunch time. One effect of more people using pre-paid cards or m-commerce has been to make many of those not using them feel uncomfortable about taking more time when paying in cash at the till. Such psychological pressure has encouraged the further development of contactless pre-paid cards and m-commerce.
Outlook
It is expected that pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce will become increasingly familiar to the Japanese, with value and volume transactions using general purpose pre-paid cards increasing over the forecast period. Transaction value is expected to grow by a 5% CAGR between 2008 and 2013, to ¥1,200 billion at constant 2008 prices, while transaction volume is expected to grow by a CAGR of 6% to over 2 billion. Other pre-paid card transaction value is, however, predicted to decrease, due to the phasing out of major magnetic stripe transportation cards. However, transaction volume for other pre-paid cards is still expected to increase slightly over the forecast period, by a CAGR of 1%, to almost 6 billion.
Future Impact
Pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce will significantly change the Japanese financial cards market in the forecast period, as more Japanese become accustomed to the convenience of using such means of payment. However, charging or topping up is the major issue for these cards. During the review period, the most common way was to top up via a cashier or by using a top-up machine; however, many people found this process irksome. In order to make topping up easier, pre-paid card issuers have provided topping up using credit cards, and further such efforts by issuers will help the use of pre-paid cards to increase significantly. Similarly, with m-commerce, it will be necessary to introduce straightforward systems for setting up and topping up, particularly for those not familiar with this type of technology, such as older generations. Once such systems are introduced, the number of m-commerce users will increase substantially.
Acceptance of China Union Pay skyrockets in 2008
Current Impact
Sumitomo Mitsui Card Co Ltd rapidly built up the infrastructure to accept the China Union Pay debit card in 2007 and 2008, and since the start of acceptance in 2005, the number of accepting merchants has grown to over 10,000 shops by mid-2008. As the spend per card transaction is quite large, retailers welcome Chinese tourists and their use of the China Union Pay debit card. Sumitomo Mitsui Card Co Ltd thus enjoyed a substantial increase in transaction value between 2007 and 2008. The card is accepted not only in Tokyo and the Osaka metropolitan area, but also in smaller cities, such as Sendai.
Outlook
The increase in merchant acceptance for the China Union Pay debit card is slowing down, due to the worldwide economic crisis and approaching saturation in acceptance among retailers in Japan. This is due largely to the characteristic of the China Union Pay card that the cardholders are mainly Chinese tourists. Acceptance at retailers is thus largely confined to outlets in tourist areas. However, this includes not only the big cities but also local tourist spots, such as the famous hot springs areas of Yufuin, in Oita Prefecture, and Zao, in Yamagata.
Future Impact
Though acceptance of the China Union Pay debit card was a boon to Japanese retailers in the major cities and the touristic areas during the review period, the impact of the card is unlikely to be as significant in the forecast period. Sumitomo Mitsui Card will remain one of the leading acquirers, but it will need to provide attractive services for cardholders; for example, discounts or gift vouchers at the point of sale when using the China Union Pay card. Card companies have realised the importance of creating mutual services in cooperation with foreign-based card companies, to promote services not only to Japanese cardholders, but also foreign cardholders. Sumitomo Mitsui Card leads in such services, having established a mutual service with the Kookmin Bank in South Korea. Other major card companies are expected to offer this kind of service in the forecast period.
eBANK issues Visa debit and gains one million customers in nine months
In November 2007, eBANK Co Ltd, the leading exclusively on-line bank, issued its eBANK Money Card, which comes with a Visa debit function. Through its easier screening than for credit cards and also the convenience of applying on-line, it gained consumers’ quickly, with the number of cardholders reaching over one million in less than a year.
Current Impact
While Japan’s major debit card scheme, J-Debit from Japan Debit Card Association, has not been successful in gaining accepting retailers and consumer recognition in recent years, the impact of Visa debit has been quite significant. As eBANK is the largest on-line banking company in Japan, the introduction of its Visa debit card helped the name recognition of debit cards in Japan grow rapidly. Consumers find the service attractive, as they can shop in the same way as Visa credit card holders, but with instant deduction from their account, and a lower charge for cash withdrawals both domestically and in other countries. Visa debit cards have been gaining popularity among those for whom getting credit cards is difficult, such as minors and those who do not have a sufficiently good credit history. Visa debit is also popular among those people who engage in on-line shopping. Minors often use the cards for downloading music from the Internet and paying for on-line games, both on computers and mobile phones. It is not only the advertising of eBANK, but also word of mouth on the Internet that has increased awareness of the convenience of the Visa debit card.
Outlook
The growth of the eBANK Money Card is expected to lead to other credit card issuers considering launching Visa debit cards in the forecast period. eBANK Money Card will continue to lead in the issuance of Visa debit cards, at least in the short term, but it will see more competition. Even those consumers who have not had any difficulty in going through credit card screening successfully will be attracted by debit cards, which free them from worrying about getting into debt through over-use of their credit cards. Resona Bank, which is one of the leading banks in Japan, started offering a Visa debit card in March 2009, and is expecting to issue one million cards within three years.
Future Impact
Japan is expected to see usage of debit cards, as well as pre-paid cards, grow in the forecast period. For a long time, “card” has tended to mean “credit card” in Japan. However, consumers are finding debit cards to be preferable to credit cards in terms of controlling their account balance, and more convenient than carrying large amounts of cash. As the credibility of debit cards grows, the more Visa debit cards will be issued, and it is also possible that MasterCard will enter the Japanese debit card sector.
Seven Bank starts accepting overseas-issued ATM and credit cards at ATM machines
In July 2008, Seven Bank started accepting overseas issued ATM and Credit Cards at its over 10,000 ATM terminals at 7-Eleven convenience stores. This enables cardholders to withdraw Japanese yen and also check their account balances. The cards accepted include those issued by Visa, including PLUS; MasterCard including Maestro and Cirrus; American Express, JCB and China Union Pay.
Current Impact
The tourist industry is important to Japan, thus it is vital that incoming travellers have easy access to the local currency. The traditional banks and the former Japan Post, now Japan Post Bank, were the largest operators of such services in the review period. However, Seven Bank’s acceptance of foreign cards is particularly significant, as it is now much easier for cardholders to find accepting ATM machines, since 7-Eleven convenience stores have the largest retail network in the country. They are also available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, compared to the restricted opening times of bank ATMs.
Outlook
Seven Bank’s acceptance of foreign cards is likely to be of considerable benefit to incoming travellers to Japan in the forecast period. The number of 7-Eleven outlets is expected to grow in the forecast period, and with it the number of ATM machines available. Easier withdrawal of cash is expected to increase transaction volume and value in Japan, which, together with greater usage of financial cards at retailers, will bring in more spending in Japan.
Future Impact
Seven Bank is expected to gain a strong position in terms of ATM transaction value and volume during the forecast period, as it boasts the largest convenience store network in the country. Other convenience store ATM operators, such as Lawson ATM networks and E-net Co Ltd, may follow Seven Bank in accepting foreign cards, in order to benefit from tourist spending. However, growth in the number of travellers to Japan levelled off in 2008, due to the worldwide financial crisis, and it is expected that the number of incoming travellers to Japan will not increase greatly in the early part of the forecast period.
Reform of interest rates through Money Lending Business Law hurts credit card companies
The Money Lending Business Law was reformed in December 2006, with a reduction in the maximum interest rate for uncollateralised consumer loans from 29.2% to 20%. Until 2006, there were two laws in Japan that set interest rates: the Investment Law, which set the 29.2% maximum, and the Interest Limitation Law that sets about interest rates at 15-20%. Previously, it was possible for a money lender and a borrower to agree a higher limit than the cap set by the Interest Limitation Law, under certain conditions (including the 29.2% cap being adhered to). The discrepancy between the two zones was called the “Grey zone”, and had caused trouble for some consumers who entered into credit agreements not realising that they were paying an interest rate as high as 29.2%. This often led to unsustainable consumer debt, and in order to tackle this issue, the Financial Service Agency (FSA) decided to amend the law.
Current Impact
A number of financial institutions suffered from a decrease in profits, following the reduction in the maximum interest rate chargeable, most notably non-banking financial institutions, such as Aifl Corporation, Acom Co Ltd and Takefuji Corporation. The reform also had some influence on credit card companies, although the use of revolving credit function and cash advances with credit cards are not well established in Japan, so most card-holders do not incur interest.
As a result of reduced profitability, there have been a number of mergers and acquisitions among financial institutions in Japan since 2007. For example, UFJ NICOS and DC Card Co Ltd merged in April 2007, and become Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co Ltd, which itself merged with Jaccs Card in April 2008. Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Inc aimed to merge with Central Finance Co Ltd in 2007. However, the merger was not completed and Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group will thus reframe its credit card business again, and will launch Cedyna Co Ltd in April 2009, which is a merger of Quork Co Ltd, OMC Card Co Ltd and Central Finance Co Ltd. UC Card Co Ltd has operated under Credit Saison Co Ltd since 2006, with both companies being part of Mizuho Financial Group. As of 2008, most credit card companies are now owned by major banks, in order to reduce the costs of operation, such as maintaining infrastructure and staff costs.
Outlook
The change in the law will continue to have a significant impact on the Japanese financial card industry in the forecast period, due to the reduction in profits following the lowering of the interest rate cap. More companies are now looking for profits from credit card usage rather than financing. However, it is not easy to gain new customers, as consumers are becoming more cautious regarding borrowing money from financial card companies and other non-banking institutions. In addition, one of the provisions of the new law, which states that lending should not exceed one third of the borrower’s annual income is a substantial obstacle to increasing lending.
Future Impact
The changes to the Money Lending Business Law will be completed by 2010, and in the meantime, the credit card companies are still searching for new models to generate profit. The law has significantly changed the credit card companies’ earnings basis, and card companies have been forced to create greater scale in infrastructure and cut costs. With the worldwide financial crisis in 2008 reducing consumers’ inclination to spend, credit card companies will need to encourage consumers to use credit cards for everyday transactions for which they typically use other forms of payment.
Credit cards become a daily expense payment tool
Credit card usage has long been confined to particular occasions among Japanese consumers. This is very different from the US and the UK, where consumers use credit cards more casually for everyday spending. Japanese consumers have tended to credit cards solely for rather larger amounts, such as payment for foreign air travel, large domestic electrical appliances or computers. Credit card companies have, however, been searching for ways to encourage consumers to use the cards for daily expenditure. During the review period, payment for Internet connections at home and mobile phone bill payments were two significant sources of revenue for card companies, and they are also looking at gaining a revenue stream from payments to public institutions, such as tax offices, pensions, public utility offices and hospitals.
Current Impact
Since 2006, it has been possible to use credit cards to pay for public utilities, such as water, gas and electricity. Consumers are increasingly opting for automatic deduction by credit card rather than deduction from their bank accounts, since they can accumulate loyalty points through using credit cards. Card companies are trying to encourage cardholders to use their cards for such payments by offering double or triple loyalty points or cash back.
To support their efforts to make credit cards a tool for daily expenses, card companies have approached public institutions with the offer of a lower acquiring fee. Normally, the acquiring fee is about 2% to 3% of transaction value; however, for public institutions, the fee has been lowered to less than 1%. The acquiring fee is one of the key drivers of profit, but companies have considered it to be more important to encourage consumers to use their cards for a wider range of purposes, and this requires greater card acceptance. Tax payment using credit card has been available since 2007, pension payment since February 2008, while a number of hospitals also started to accept credit cards in 2008. Payment of rent is also possible with credit cards in larger apartment buildings.
Outlook
The acceptance of credit cards has been extended to various institutions, and credit card companies are eager to encourage more cardholders to use credit cards for such payments. Credit card companies are also competing with each other to establish their cards as the holder’s main card, ie the first choice of credit card in the consumer’s wallet. If their card is used for regular payments, cardholders will gain loyalty points and this will reinforce the likelihood that they will use that card more than the other cards they have. As a result, becoming a main card for such payments is crucial, thus competition to gain loyalty will be a key focus for card companies during the forecast period.
Future Impact
The payment of regular daily expenses by credit card is expected to take root in Japan in the forecast period, with total transaction value using credit cards predicted to increase steadily to over ¥59,000 billion at constant 2008 prices in 2013. Competition among the card companies will intensify, as they try to establish their cards as the first choice for regular daily payments.
Jibun Bank joint venture gives impetus to mobile phone banking
One of Japan’s leading banks, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, and the second largest mobile phone service company, KDDI Corp, which is the provider of the “au” mobile phone service, set up a joint venture for mobile phone banking – Jibun Bank (“personal bank”) – in 2008. This was the first exclusively mobile phone banking service, and followed the establishment of four exclusively on-line banks in Japan: eBANK, Net Bank, Sony Bank, and SBI Investment Bank. While these four on-line banks also permit access from mobile phones, the main feature of Jibun Bank is that all banking transactions can be made through the use of a mobile phone, with no paperwork or any need to visit a bank branch.
As the use of Jibun Bank is limited to “au” network mobile phone users, personal information is confirmed using the information which users provided to KDDI when purchasing their mobile phone. Such personal information sharing allows the transfer of money via mobile phone number without a bank account number, if the receiver also has an account with Jibun Bank.
Current Impact
As the service only started in July 2008, it is still in the early stages, and KDDI and Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ are focusing on gaining customers. Advertising campaigns have been carried out at transport stations, bank counters and mobile phone shops in order to establish a high profile. The services which are currently available are transferring money, saving, bill payment, on-line shopping and charging for pre-paid cards. The contactless pre-paid function is offered in association with Edy by Bitwallet.
Outlook
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ and KDDI expect to gain 2.4 million users with a total balance of ¥100 billion by 2010. The range of services is expected to be extended to loans, a credit card service and foreign currency deposits. Foreign currency deposits became more popular when the Japanese yen began to appreciate in mid-2008, and may contribute to an increase in the number of users during the forecast period. Jibun Bank is also considering expanding the service to other mobile phone service providers, such as NTT DoCoMo and Soft Bank. Contactless pre-paid function besides Edy by Bitwallet may also be made available, such as the pre-paid transportation cards of Suica and PASMO.
Future Impact
Given the importance of mobile phones in daily life in Japan, and users’ desire to utilise their mobile phones to maximise convenience, the services offered by Jibun Bank may get considerable attention not only from consumers but also from other competitors in banking. It is possible that other banks and mobile phone service providers will join together to offer similar services, and banking via mobile phone will become a standard service available with a mobile phone. Such services will also compete with on-line banking services through personal computers. However, this type of service is a very new idea, and those who are not familiar with the various functions of mobile phones are unlikely to take up this type of banking, thus, in the short term at least, mobile banking will remain a service which appeals to a very limited number of consumers.
Table of contents
CONSUMER FINANCE IN JAPAN : MARKET INSIGHT
Rapid development in contactless pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce
Credit cards increasingly used for daily expenses
On-line player eBANK makes strides with Visa debit
China Union Pay spreading across retailers
Lower interest rates following Money Lending Business Law reform damages financial card companies
KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Pre-paid cards/e-wallet and m-commerce gaining customers continuously since 2007
Acceptance of China Union Pay skyrockets in 2008
eBANK issues Visa debit and gains one million customers in nine months
Seven Bank starts accepting overseas-issued ATM and credit cards at ATM machines
Reform of interest rates through Money Lending Business Law hurts credit card companies
Credit cards become a daily expense payment tool
Jibun Bank joint venture gives impetus to mobile phone banking
MARKET DATA
Table 1 Consumer Payments: Value 2003-2008
Table 2 Financial Cards: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 3 Financial Cards Transactions: Value 2003-2008
Table 4 Financial Cards: Number of Transactions 2003-2008
Table 5 Financial Cards: Number of Accounts 2003-2008
Table 6 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2003-2007
Table 7 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2003-2007
Table 8 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 9 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transactions by Acquirer 2003-2007
Table 10 Consumer Payments Forecast: Value 2008-2013
Table 11 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 12 Financial Cards Forecast: Value 2008-2013
Table 13 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Transactions 2008-2013
Table 14 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Accounts 2008-2013
MARKET INDICATORS
Table 15 Number of POS Terminals 2004-2008
Table 16 Number of ATMs 2004-2008
Table 17 Disposable Income 2003-2008
Table 18 Value Lost to Fraud 2003-2008
Table 19 Acquirer Fraud 2003-2008
Table 20 Card Expenditure by Location 2008
Table 21 Card Expenditure by Sector 2008
Table 22 Financial Cards in Circulation by Type: % Number of Cards 2004-2008
Table 23 Domestic versus Foreign Spend 2008
DEFINITIONS
Summary 1 Research Sources
CONSUMER LENDING IN JAPAN
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Money Lending Law Undergoes Revision
Increased Competition Between Specialist Lending Companies and Banks
Credit Cards Expand Rapidly
Double Punch on Personal Lending
Loan from a Machine
KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Revising the Money Lending Business Law
Low Use of Revolving Credit Facilities
High Number of Cash Advances
Security-backed Mortgage – The 'Flat 35' Was Launched
Lending Companies Change Approach
MARKET DATA
Table 24 Consumer Lending by Sector: Outstanding Balance: Value 2003-2008
Table 25 Consumer Lending by Sector: Outstanding Balance: % Value Growth 2003-2008
Table 26 Consumer Lending by Sector: Gross Lending: Value 2003-2008
Table 27 Consumer Lending by Sector: Gross Lending: % Value Growth 2003-2008
Table 28 Consumer Lending: Non-performing vs Other Loans 2003-2008
Table 29 Mortgages/Housing: Non-performing vs Other Loans 2003-2008
Table 30 Consumer Credit: Non-performing vs Other Loans 2003-2008
Table 31 Forecast Consumer Lending by Sector: Outstanding Balance: Value 2008-2013
Table 32 Forecast Consumer Lending by Sector: Outstanding Balance: % Value Growth 2008-2013
Table 33 Forecast Consumer Lending by Sector: Gross Lending: Value 2008-2013
Table 34 Forecast Consumer Lending by Sector: Gross Lending: % Value Growth 2008-2013
DEFINITIONS
Summary 2 Research Sources
LOCAL COMPANY PROFILES - JAPAN
AEON CREDIT SERVICE CO LTD - FINANCIAL CARDS & PAYMENTS - JAPAN
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
KEY FACTS
Summary 3 Aeon Credit Service Co Ltd: Key Facts
Summary 4 Aeon Credit Service Co Ltd: Operational Indicators
COMPANY BACKGROUND
COMPETITIVE POSITIONING
Summary 5 Aeon Credit Service Co Ltd: Competitive Position 2007
CREDIT SAISON CO LTD - FINANCIAL CARDS & PAYMENTS - JAPAN
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
KEY FACTS
Summary 6 Credit Saison Co Ltd: Key Facts
Summary 7 Credit Saison Co Ltd: Operational Indicators
COMPANY BACKGROUND
COMPETITIVE POSITIONING
Summary 8 Credit Saison Co Ltd: Competitive Position 2007
JCB CO LTD - FINANCIAL CARDS & PAYMENTS - JAPAN
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
KEY FACTS
Summary 9 JCB Co Ltd: Key Facts
Summary 10 JCB Co Ltd: Operational Indicators
COMPANY BACKGROUND
COMPETITIVE POSITIONING
Summary 11 JCB Co Ltd: Competitive Position 2007
MITSUBISHI UFJ NICOS CO LTD - FINANCIAL CARDS & PAYMENTS - JAPAN
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
KEY FACTS
Summary 12 Mitsubishi UFJ NICOS Co Ltd: Key Facts
Summary 13 Mitsubishi UFJ Nicos Co Ltd: Operational Indicators
COMPANY BACKGROUND
COMPETITIVE POSITIONING
Summary 14 Mitsubishi UFJ Nicos: Competitive Position 2007
SUMITOMO MITSUI CARD CO LTD - FINANCIAL CARDS & PAYMENTS - JAPAN
STRATEGIC DIRECTION
KEY FACTS
Summary 15 Sumitomo Mitsui Card Co Ltd: Key Facts
Summary 16 Sumitomo Mitsui Card Co Ltd: Operational Indicators
COMPANY BACKGROUND
COMPETITIVE POSITIONING
Summary 17 Sumitomo Mitsui Card Co Ltd: Competitive Position 2007
ATM TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 35 ATM Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 36 ATM Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 37 ATM Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 38 ATM Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 39 ATM Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 40 ATM Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 41 ATM Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 42 ATM Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
DEBIT TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 43 Debit Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 44 Debit Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 45 Debit Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 46 Debit Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 47 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2003-2007
Table 48 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2003-2007
Table 49 Debit Cards Transactions by Acquirer 2003-2007
Table 50 Debit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 51 Debit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 52 Debit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 53 Debit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 54 Debit Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
CREDIT CARD TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 55 Credit Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 56 Credit Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 57 Credit Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 58 Credit Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 59 Personal Credit Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 60 Personal Credit Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 61 Personal Credit Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 62 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 63 Commercial Credit Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 64 Commercial Credit Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 65 Commercial Credit Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 66 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 67 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2003-2007
Table 68 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2003-2007
Table 69 Credit Cards Transactions by Acquirer 2003-2007
Table 70 Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 71 Personal Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 72 Commercial Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 73 Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 74 Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 75 Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 76 Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 77 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 78 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 79 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 80 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 81 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 82 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 83 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 84 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
CHARGE CARD TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 85 Charge Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 86 Charge Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 87 Charge Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 88 Charge Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 89 Personal Charge Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 90 Personal Charge Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 91 Personal Charge Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 92 Personal Charge Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 93 Commercial Charge Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 94 Commercial Charge Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 95 Commercial Charge Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 96 Commercial Charge Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 97 Charge Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2003-2007
Table 98 Charge Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2003-2007
Table 99 Charge Cards Transactions by Acquirer 2003-2007
Table 100 Charge Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 101 Personal Charge Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 102 Commercial Charge Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 103 Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 104 Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 105 Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 106 Charge Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 107 Personal Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 108 Personal Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 109 Personal Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 110 Personal Charge Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 111 Commercial Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 112 Commercial Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 113 Commercial Charge Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 114 Commercial Charge Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
GENERAL PURPOSE PRE-PAID CARD TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 115 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 116 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 117 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 118 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 119 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards by Type: % Number of Cards 2004-2008
Table 120 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2003-2007
Table 121 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2003-2007
Table 122 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 123 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 124 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 125 General Purpose Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
STORE CARD TRANSACTIONS IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 126 Store Cards Sector Performance: 2003-2008
Table 127 Store Cards Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2003-2008
Table 128 Store Cards Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 129 Store Cards in Circulation Sector Performance: % Growth 2003-2008
Table 130 Store Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2003-2007
Table 131 Store Cards Forecast Sector Performance: 2008-2013
Table 132 Store Cards Forecast Sector Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2008-2013
Table 133 Store Cards Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
Table 134 Store Cards in Circulation Forecast Sector Performance: % Growth 2008-2013
CONSUMER CREDIT IN JAPAN
HEADLINES
TRENDS
COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
PROSPECTS
SECTOR DATA
Table 135 Consumer Credit by Sector: Outstanding Balance: Value 2003-2008
Table 136 Consumer Credit by Sector: Outstanding Balance: % Value Growth 2003-2008
Table 137 Consumer Credit by Sector: Gross Lending: Value 2003-2008
Table 138 Consumer Credit by Sector: Gross Lending: % Value Growth 2003-2008
Table 139 Forecast Consumer Credit by Sector: Outstanding Balance: Value 2008-2013
Table 140 Forecast Consumer Credit by Sector: Outstanding Balance: % Value Growth 2008-2013
Table 141 Forecast Consumer Credit by Sector: Gross Lending: Value 2008-2013
Table 142 Forecast Consumer Credit by Sector: Gross Lending: % Value Growth 2008-2013