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Country Report

Retailing in Costa Rica

Mar 2012

Price: US$1,900

About this Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Slow economic recovery presents challenges to retailing

Retailing in Costa Rica is finding it hard to fully recover its previous dynamism. Consumers seemed to be even more careful in 2011 than they were in 2010, when most people thought that the effects of economic situation were virtually over. As the economy struggles to recover, consumers remain very cautious about their spending (especially on non-grocery items), with the vast majority of the population choosing to visit several outlets to find the best prices before deciding what and where to buy.

Local retailers try different strategies to recover lost dynamism

Most companies continue to develop their discounting strategies, announcing promotional prices on high rotation products to attract people. Local retailers are likely to continue making efforts to recover some dynamism, with companies opting to increase their level of promotions, while reducing profit margins, as long as consumers keep visiting their outlets. Players, especially non-grocery retailers, should continue to offer credit facilities to stimulate sales of new products.

Non-grocery retailers record slower value sales growth than grocery retailers

The economic uncertainty in the second half of 2011 was reflected by the slowdown in the consumption of non-essential goods, which negatively impacted the vast majority of non-grocery retailers. Families have been pressured to reduce their spending on non-essential products, although credit options still offer people the opportunity to buy such items. Since credit plans usually involves high interest rates, families remain very cautious about taking on financial commitments; therefore spending is concentrated on groceries. This trend could develop and grow unless unemployment rates start to improve.

Wal-Mart intensifies the competition among chained grocery outlets

The increased level of competition due to Wal-Mart Centroamérica’s launch in the country, and the logistics associated with its “low prices every day” campaign, had a big impact on grocery retailing in Costa Rica in 2011. Chained competitors responded vigorously, spending significantly more on publicity, in the first semester of 2011, to establish marketing positions among consumers.

Uncertainty over the forecast period

The outlook for the local economy is quite conservative due to uncertainty surrounding the performance of the country’s closest commercial partners. This could have a strong effect on tourism activity and the inflow of foreign direct investment. The volatility in the prices of fuel and most basic raw materials, such as grains, makes the country more vulnerable if a new recession strikes the global economy. This would affect retailing in Costa Rica directly.


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Overview

Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Retailing industry in Costa Rica with research from Euromonitor's team of in-country analysts.

Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections.

If you're in the Retailing industry in Costa Rica, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions.

When you purchase this report, you also get the data and the content from these category reports in Costa Rica for free:

The Retailing in Costa Rica market research report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Detailed segmentation of international and local products
  • Historic number of stores, selling space and values, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country

Our market research reports answer questions such as:

  • How big is the grocery/non-grocery/non-store channel in Costa Rica?
  • Who are the leading retailers in Costa Rica?
  • How is retailing performing in Costa Rica?
  • What is the retailing environment like in Costa Rica?
  • Which channels are winning or losing in the fight for consumers’ money?

Why buy this report?

  • Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders
  • Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats
  • Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions

This industry report originates from Passport, our Retailing market research database.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Retailing in Costa Rica - Industry Overview

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Slow economic recovery presents challenges to retailing

Local retailers try different strategies to recover lost dynamism

Non-grocery retailers record slower value sales growth than grocery retailers

Wal-Mart intensifies the competition among chained grocery outlets

Uncertainty over the forecast period

KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Economic conditions

Government regulation

Foreign direct investment

Demographic changes

Retailers target low-income consumer groups

Economic recovery

MARKET INDICATORS

  • Table 1 Employment in Retailing 2006-2011

MARKET DATA

  • Table 2 Sales in Retailing by Category: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 3 Sales in Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 4 Sales in Retailing by Grocery vs Non-Grocery 2006-2011
  • Table 5 Sales in Store-Based Retailing by Category: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 6 Sales in Store-Based Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 7 Retailing Company Shares: % Value 2007-2011
  • Table 8 Retailing Brand Shares: % Value 2008-2011
  • Table 9 Forecast Sales in Retailing by Category: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 10 Forecast Sales in Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 11 Forecast Sales in Store-Based Retailing by Category: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 12 Forecast Sales in Store-Based Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2011-2016

APPENDIX

Operating environment

Cash-and-carry

DEFINITIONS

SOURCES

  • Summary 1 Research Sources

Retailing in Costa Rica - Company Profiles

Altea GYE SA in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 4 Altea GYE SA: Competitive Position 2011

Corporación Musmanni Internacional in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 7 Corporación Musmanni Internacional: Competitive Position 2011

Prismar de Costa Rica SA in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

  • Summary 10 Prismar de Costa Rica SA: Private Label Portfolio

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 11 Prismar de Costa Rica SA: Competitive Position 2011

Superferreteria EPA SA in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 14 Superferreteria EPA SA: Competitive Position 2011

Toys Costa Rica SA in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 17 Toys Costa Rica SA: Competitive Position 2011

Wal-Mart Centroamérica SA in Retailing (Costa Rica)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

INTERNET STRATEGY

COMPANY BACKGROUND

PRIVATE LABEL

  • Summary 20 Wal-Mart Centroamérica SA: Private Label Portfolio

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 21 Wal-Mart Centroamérica SA: Competitive Position 2011

Grocery Retailers in Costa Rica - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Most grocery retailers agree that 2011 signals only the beginning of the recovery process, which should consolidate in 2012. The recent economic crisis forced retailers to reinvent their business models, mainly related to pricing strategies and historic promotions. Wal-Mart’s brand launch in the first half of 2011, along with the introduction of its concept of “low prices every day” was a key driver of change in grocery retailing in Costa Rica. The new pricing policies of the leading grocery retailer in Costa Rica required the company to negotiate better margins with manufacturers and distributors, while managing its stocks and gondola promotions more efficiently.

TRADITIONAL VS MODERN

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Wal-Mart Centroamérica leads grocery retailing with a 39% share of value sales in 2011, operating close to 200 stores in Costa Rica. It has implemented an aggressive expansion strategy since officially entering the country in 2006. The company operates four brands in Costa Rica: Palí, Mas X Menos, Walmart and Maxibodega. These brands are targeted at different customer groups and needs, and they have established strong positioning and brand awareness. The player’s high store presence in Costa Rica and Central America provides opportunities to compete. It is able to offer lower prices than competitors, thanks to large savings generated by the large economies of scale developed in the region.

PROSPECTS

  • Deeper discounts from the main chained players in response to Wal-Mart’s “low prices every day” policy was the key change observed in retailing in 2011. This trend is unlikely to last more than 1-2 years, since Wal-Mart Centroamérica is expected to put pressure on manufacturers to renegotiate their own prices. Based on information gathered throughout the year, the company can estimate the average unit price that manufacturers use to mark-up their products and demand better conditions based on its high bargaining power. On the other hand, Wal-Mart’s price campaign may continue losing credibility among consumers that have already shown disappointment, since most of the savings advertised are considered marginal.

CHANNEL FORMATS

  • Chart 1 Modern Grocery Retailers: Maxi Palí in Paraíso de Cartago
  • Chart 2 Modern Grocery Retailing: Interior of Maxi Palí

CHANNEL DATA

  • Table 13 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Category: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 14 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Category: % Value Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 15 Grocery Retailers Company Shares: % Value 2007-2011
  • Table 16 Grocery Retailers Brand Shares: % Value 2008-2011
  • Table 17 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Category: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 18 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Category: % Value Growth 2011-2016

Non-Grocery Retailers in Costa Rica - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • The economic uncertainty in the second half of 2011 was reflected by the slowdown in the consumption of non-essential goods, which negatively impacted the vast majority of non-grocery retailers. As the economy struggled to recover, consumers remained very cautious about spending on non-grocery items. The vast majority of the population visited several outlets to obtain the best prices, before deciding what and where to buy.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Grupo Progreso is the leading non-grocery retailer, accounting for an 11% share of retail value sales in 2011.The Guatemalan enterprise leads in retail value sales terms due to its extended presence in DIY, home improvement and garden centres, where it runs three different store formats with national coverage. The company started operations in Costa Rica in 2007, when it completed the acquisition of Corporación Abonos Agro, which formerly owned the Abonos Agro and Almacenes El Colono brands. The leading player completed its expansion process in Costa Rica in 2008 by acquiring Grupo Lagar, which owned 12 El Lagar stores (home and garden specialist retailers) in the main urban areas of San José. Overall, Grupo Progreso operated 59 stores in 2011. This has allowed the company to achieve important economy of scale savings and target all types of consumers in Costa Rica.

PROSPECTS

  • Non-grocery retailing is expected to register positive retail value sales growth over the forecast period. However, it is anticipated that the channel will lose some relevance in the industry, thanks to the further development and expansion of the grocery channel. Grocery retailers, such as hypermarkets, will continue to offer more non-grocery items, diminishing the sales potential of some non-grocery specialist retailers. Besides, a growing number of shoppers will buy clothing and high-tech products directly from US online retailers, such as Amazon, delivered by courier services. This practice will continue to develop in Costa Rica; therefore local non-grocery retailers are likely to lose significant sales on internet retailing.

CHANNEL DATA

  • Table 19 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Category: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 20 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Category: % Value Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 21 Non-Grocery Retailers Company Shares: % Value 2007-2011
  • Table 22 Non-Grocery Retailers Brand Shares: % Value 2008-2011
  • Table 23 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Category: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 24 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Category: % Value Growth 2011-2016

Non-Store Retailing in Costa Rica - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Non-store retailing is not very popular in Costa Rica. Local consumers have a clear preference for purchasing goods from stores, where they can see products and interact with sellers. This makes purchasers more confident about a product’s warranty and makes it easier to return or change goods. However, non-store retailing has become more attractive in the last decade. More people have been recruited as part of the direct selling workforce, due to the difficulties they have in finding stable and formal jobs elsewhere. The penetration of broadband connections and the proliferation of credit cards have made internet retailing a very attractive channel for a significant portion of middle- and high-income populations. Internet retailing is benefiting from increasingly hectic lifestyles, which see consumers value convenience and time and money saving retail options.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Avon de Costa Rica is the leading player in non-store retailing with a 14% share of value sales in 2011. Avon benefits from its top-of-mind brand and long tradition among local consumers, offering a wide variety of beauty and personal care products through a broad base of promoters across the country. Corporación Belcorp de Costa Rica SA and Amway Corp follow with a 10 and 9% share respectively. Amway’s success is based on the appeal of its multilevel marketing system. This allows independent business owners to obtain rewards as they are able to incorporate new associates to sell the company’s products.

PROSPECTS

  • Internet retailing is expected to continue developing at a fast rate as more local store-based companies start to invest in online platforms. Increasingly hectic consumer lifestyles are expected to continue to encourage a gradual move towards internet retailing. The channel offers consumers with access to PCs the opportunity to buy all types of goods and make considerable time and money savings.

CHANNEL DATA

  • Table 25 Sales in Non-Store Retailing by Category: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 26 Sales in Non-Store Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 27 Non-Store Retailing Company Shares: % Value 2007-2011
  • Table 28 Non-Store Retailing Brand Shares: % Value 2008-2011
  • Table 29 Forecast Sales in Non-Store Retailing by Category: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 30 Forecast Sales in Non-Store Retailing by Category: % Value Growth 2011-2016

Segmentation

Segmentation

This market research report includes the following:

  • Retailing
    • Store-based Retailing
      • Grocery Retailers
        • Modern Grocery Retailers
          • Convenience Stores
          • Discounters
          • Forecourt Retailers
            • Chained Forecourt Retailers
            • Independent Forecourt Retailers
          • Hypermarkets
          • Supermarkets
        • Traditional Grocery Retailers
          • Food/Drink/Tobacco Specialists
          • Independent Small Grocers
          • Other Grocery Retailers
      • Non-Grocery Retailers
        • Apparel Specialist Retailers
        • Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers
        • Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers
          • Beauty Specialist Retailers
          • Chemists/Pharmacies
          • Parapharmacies/Drugstores
          • Other Healthcare Specialist Retailers
        • Home and Garden Specialist Retailers
          • DIY, Home Improvement and Garden Centres
          • Furniture and Furnishings Stores
        • Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist Retailers
          • Jewellers
          • Media Products Stores
          • Pet Shops and Superstores
          • Sports Goods Stores
          • Stationers/Office Supply Stores
          • Traditional Toys and Games Stores
          • Other Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist Retailers
        • Mixed Retailers
          • Department Stores
          • Mass Merchandisers
          • Variety Stores
          • Warehouse Clubs
        • Other Non-Grocery Retailers
    • Non-Store Retailing
      • Direct Selling
        • Beauty and Personal Care Direct Selling
        • Apparel Direct Selling
        • Consumer Electronics and Video Games Hardware Direct Selling
        • Consumer Healthcare Direct Selling
        • DIY and Gardening Direct Selling
        • Consumer Appliances Direct Selling
        • Home Care Direct Selling
        • Housewares and Home Furnishings Direct Selling
        • Media Products Direct Selling
        • Food and Drink Direct Selling
        • Toys and Games Direct Selling
        • Other Direct Selling
      • Homeshopping
        • Beauty and Personal Care Homeshopping
        • Apparel Homeshopping
        • Consumer Electronics and Video Games Hardware Homeshopping
        • Consumer Healthcare Homeshopping
        • DIY and Gardening Homeshopping
        • Consumer Appliances Homeshopping
        • Home Care Homeshopping
        • Housewares and Home Furnishings Homeshopping
        • Media Products Homeshopping
        • Food and Drink Homeshopping
        • Toys and Games Homeshopping
        • Other Homeshopping
      • Internet Retailing
        • Beauty and Personal Care Internet Retailing
        • Apparel Internet Retailing
        • Consumer Electronics and Video Games Hardware Internet Retailing
        • Consumer Healthcare Internet Retailing
        • DIY and Gardening Internet Retailing
        • Consumer Appliances Internet Retailing
        • Home Care Internet Retailing
        • Housewares and Home Furnishings Internet Retailing
        • Media Products Internet Retailing
        • Food and Drink Internet Retailing
        • Toys and Games Internet Retailing
        • Other Internet Retailing
      • Vending
        • Packaged Drinks Vending
        • Packaged Foods Vending
        • Personal Hygiene Products Vending
        • Tobacco Products Vending
        • Unpackaged Drinks Vending
        • Toys and Games Vending
        • Other Products Vending

Statistics Included

Statistics Included

For each category and subcategory you will receive the following data in Excel format:

From Passport

  • Market sizes
  • Company shares
  • Brand shares
  • Employment
  • Grocery vs non-grocery

Market size details:

  • Retail value retail selling price excl sales tax % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price excl sales tax local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price excl sales tax per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Sites/outlets
  • Sites/outlets % growth
  • Sites/outlets per capita
  • Selling space
  • Selling space % growth
  • Selling space per capita
  • Retail value retail selling price incl sales tax % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price incl sales tax local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price incl sales tax per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY

Methodology

Methodology

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local mom-and-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data.

The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Research Methodology

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme. Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

  • National statistics offices governmental and official sources
  • National and international trade press
  • National and international trade associations
  • Industry study groups and other semi-official sources
  • Company financials and annual reports
  • Broker reports
  • Online databases
  • The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

  • Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store
  • Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?
  • Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices compare to those of branded goods?
  • Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

  • Fill gaps in available published data per company
  • Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category
  • Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date
  • Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press.

Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, national-specific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another?

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends.

Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.

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