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With total GDP of USD6.2 billion in 2016 (or 21% of the national total), Douala stands as Cameroon's key economic hub, despite not being the capital of the country. Douala's economic influence largely stems from its location as the biggest port of Central Africa, serving not only as the main trade gateway for Cameroon, but also for neighbouring landlocked countries. Nonetheless, the city faces numerous socioeconomic problems: low levels of income, low quality housing and inadequate road
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In 2016, Douala's labour productivity (gross value added (GVA) per employee) of USD5,100 was twice as high as in the rest of Cameroon. However, when compared to other major Sub-Saharan Africa cities, Douala does lag behind, specifically trailing Lagos (USD11,500 in 2016) and Johannesburg (USD21,100), among others.
With the nation's best employment opportunities largely concentrated in Douala, the city's average annual disposable income per household of USD6,600 in 2016 was 50% higher than in the rest of the country. Yet, Douala still considerably lags behind the region's most developed cities of Cape Town (USD17,000 annual disposable income per household in 2016) and Johannesburg (USD20,900).
Average consumer expenditure per household (excluding housing and transport) was 49% higher in Douala than in the rest of Cameroon in 2016. In the regional context, low household earnings in Douala are reflected in the fact that 43% of total expenditure goes on food and non-alcoholic beverages, compared to 15% in each of Cape Town and Johannesburg as of 2016.
In 2016, combined spending on housing and transport per household was 50% higher in Douala than in the rest of the country. Transport expenditure records a larger discrepancy among the two categories, with the average household in Douala having to spend 67% more than households elsewhere in the country in 2016.
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