Income and Expenditure

This briefing provides a global perspective of the key trends occurring in cities over 2018 -2023. It goes on to provide forecast data and insights for cities over 2024-2040, covering areas such as the economic, population and consumer spending…

Technological advances in 2024 will continue to reshape consumer behaviour. This annual report explores the top five digital shopper trends that will redefine commerce the most in the year ahead. Some of the trends included in this report’s edition…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries in Q4 2023 and 2024. Global inflation is moderating, although divergence remains among the key economies. Higher volatility in the energy markets and disruption of…

In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with rising income inequality being among the key ones. Nevertheless, addressing the income inequality through catering to the Bottom of the Pyramid and the Middle Class…

Chile is anticipated to record expansion of consumer income through to 2040, maintaining its leading position in the region in terms of average gross annual income. The middle class is projected to expand over the forecast period and will remain…

Argentina’s consumer income growth is projected to record moderate growth through to 2040, dragged down by looming economic recession, persisting high unemployment and a slow rise in real wages. Purchasing power will be concentrated in the hands of…

Ecuador's per capita income is set to rise, driven by Middle Youth influencing luxury spending. While income inequality is expected to decrease, it will remain high in global terms. Social class C will grow rapidly, while social class E will still be…

Brazil's per capita income is set to rise notably over the next five years, with Middle Youth shaping luxury spending patterns. Despite an expected decrease in income inequality, it will remain exceptionally high in global terms. Social class C will…

Mexico is poised for a notable rise in per capita income over 2022-2027. Mid-Lifers will continue to drive luxury spending trends. Despite a global high in terms of income inequality, social class E will dominate. The Mexico region will remain the…

Colombia’s per capita income is projected to grow over 2022-2027, with middle-aged individuals dominating the top income group. Income inequality remains high but is expected to decrease in the long term, while social class C will see the fastest…

In 2022, Peru witnessed population growth, driven by stable natural change and rising life expectancy. The country is facing the arrival of Venezuelan refugees, as well as political unrest. In 2022, Gen Z emerged as the largest generation, and is…

Colombia's 2022 population growth is set to reverse between 2023 and 2040 due to negative net migration. Generation Z, the largest generation, seeks digital-native experiences. Colombians prioritise living in the present, embracing innovation, and…

Brazil’s population is projected to maintain solid growth rate despite slightly contracting birth rates, largely thanks to rising life expectancy. While childless families will become more popular among Brazilians, households with children will…

Peru's economy is set to witness moderate growth over 2022-2027, driving an increase in per capita disposable income. This growth will influence consumer behaviour, with the middle youth dominating the top-income bracket, impacting luxury spending…

Mexican population growth is sustained by substantial immigration flows and natural change levels, resulting in Generation Z and millennials emerging as dominant age groups with increasing influence in consumer market. ICT stands as a critical…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…