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The capital of Sindh (one of Pakistan's four provinces), Karachi is one of the most populous metropolises worldwide being home to 19.6 million people in 2016. Its population is growing quickly (at 3.6% per year over 2011-2016) amid rural-urban migration. Its living standards remain some of the lowest among the world's major cities, while constant violence hinders its economic growth potential.
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Karachi lags behind most of the world's major cities in terms of labour productivity. In 2016, GVA per employee measured USD4,000 in the city. The productivity in the city lagged 11% behind the rest of the country, despite a more educated workforce (10% of people aged above 10 years held higher education in Karachi versus 4.7% elsewhere in Pakistan). The infrastructure, including two ports and an airport, also did not help productivity significantly.
Disposable income per household was only 0.3% greater in Karachi than elsewhere in the country, in 2016. Globally, among 126 metropolises analysed by Euromonitor International, only Kolkata ranked lower, with USD7,200 disposable income (versus USD8,300 in Karachi).
Average consumer expenditure (excluding transport and housing) was 10% lower in Karachi compared to the rest of the country in 2016. Food and beverages claimed 39% of the total consumer budget in Karachi, a high share reflecting the overall low disposable income in the city. However, food expenditure in absolute terms was higher than in cities with much higher incomes: in Budapest (the capital of EU member Hungary), food expenditure was 6.4% lower than in Karachi in 2016, despite 2.5 times larger overall consumer expenditure.
Per household consumer expenditure on transport and housing was 13% lower in Karachi than elsewhere in the country in 2016. Transport costs are not among the lowest compared to other low-income cities in Asia Pacific (USD1,400 in 2016 in Karachi, versus USD1,200 in Mumbai and USD1,100 in Bangalore), but housing costs are the lowest among Euromonitor's total of 126 metropolises.
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