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Country Report

Consumer Lending in Japan

Nov 2010

Price: $900

About this Report

About this Report

Delivery method: instant download
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Market statistics: Excel workbook doc_excel_table.png (download a sample)

Overview

Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Consumer Lending industry in Japan with research from Euromonitor's team of in-country analysts.

Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections.

If you're in the Consumer Lending industry in Japan, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions.

The Consumer Lending in Japan market research report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Historic volumes and values
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth  
  • Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country

Our market research reports answer questions such as:

  • What is the market size of Consumer Lending in Japan?
  • What are the major trends set to impact the market in Japan?
  • What capacity for consumer debt still exists in the market?
  • What’s the state of credit quality in the market?
  • Has the economic downturn reset the lender competitive landscape?

Why buy this report?

  • Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders
  • Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats
  • Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions

Euromonitor’s industry reports, including Consumer Lending in Japan, originate from our database within our Consumer Finance market share and market size database, Passport, a platform which analyses Consumer Finance in 46 countries and globally.

Sample Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Enactment of new Money Lending Law limits availability of credit

In order to tackle the growing number of borrowers with heavy debts, during the review period the Japanese Government revised its Money Lending Law in order to reduce interest rates and limit the number of loans being taken out. The new law was enacted in December 2006 and came into force gradually, a process which was completed in June 2010. The business environment for lending companies changed dramatically as a result of the new law and many of them have started to face financial difficulties as the level of consumer borrowing has been severely reduced.

Companies look for new ways to sustain their business

Japanese consumer lending companies strengthened their non-card lending businesses such as auto lending during the review period in order to mitigate the adverse impact of the new Money Lending Law. Some companies attempted to strengthen their non-card lending businesses by conducting mergers and acquisitions, while others attempted to develop their non-card lending sales networks by forming business alliances with regional banks and other organisations.

Economic recession encourages growth in education lending

The performance of education lending improved towards the end of the review period. As a result of the economic recession, the number of Japanese consumers of all ages and from all walks of life who required education loans increased. Moreover, the number of students attending universities continued to increase, which also encouraged demand for education loans.

Mortgages/housing lending remains lacklustre

The performance of mortgages/housing lending remained lacklustre in 2010 due to a number of unfavourable factors such as the effects of the economic recession and the modification of the Building Standard Law, which required strict procedures to be followed when applying for a mortgage. In order to boost the stagnant housing and construction markets, the Japanese Government introduced a tax reduction policy for mortgage borrowers. This represented a great motivation for consumers to purchase houses through the use of a mortgage loan.

Overseas players are unsuccessful in undertaking lending businesses in Japan

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a number of overseas companies entered consumer lending in Japan. However, they suffered seriously from the introduction of the country’s new Money Lending Law. Although these foreign players were initially feared by Japanese lending companies during the early stages of the review period, they were unable to secure sufficient profits to justify their presence in Japan and mostly withdrew from consumer lending in Japan during the latter stages of the review period.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Consumer Lending in Japan - Industry Overview

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Enactment of new Money Lending Law limits availability of credit

Companies look for new ways to sustain their business

Economic recession encourages growth in education lending

Mortgages/housing lending remains lacklustre

Overseas players are unsuccessful in undertaking lending businesses in Japan

KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Lending companies face more challenges

Consumer lending business model affected by the new Money Lending law

Disappointing performance of overseas lending companies

Strong demand for education lending

Mortgages/housing expects better performance

MARKET DATA

DEFINITIONS

Mortgages/housing

Consumer credit

Auto lending

Card lending

Home lending

Durables lending

Education lending

Other personal lending

Non-performing

Gross lending

Outstanding balance

  • Summary 1 Research Sources

Consumer Credit in Japan - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Card lending recorded a significant slowdown in 2010, which was brought about by the new Money Lending Law, which was issued in December 2006. The implementation of the law was finally completed in 2010 following an incremental process which engaged a gradual shift from the former law which took place between December 2006 and June 2010. The crucial changes in the law include: the reduction of maximum interest rates from 29.2% to between 15% and 20%, depending on the amount of money loaned: the setting of the maximum amount of loan repayments to one third of the borrower’s annual income; and the centralisation of consumers’ credit information in order to prevent borrowers transferring excessive debt from one loan to another in order to create the illusion of repayment. Prior to the completion of the Law’s enactment, the majority of lending companies in Japan voluntarily reduced their interest charges in order to meet the criteria laid down by the new Money Lending Law. Accordingly, lending companies reconsidered their lending criteria so as to accept only secure and highly creditworthy borrowers as lending companies would no longer be able charge high interest rates in order to offset the losses caused by the high proportion of delinquent borrowers in Japan. Considerable reductions in card lending occurred due to lending companies rejecting a significant proportion of applications from potential customers who wanted to borrow money. It is estimated that the acceptance rate of borrowers dropped from approximately 60% to 30% across the majority of lending companies in Japan as a result of the enactment of the new Money Lending Law.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • All leading lending companies in Japan, specifically the four largest players, Aiful Corporation, ACOM Co Ltd, Promise Co Ltd and Takefuji Corporation, suffered from the difficult operating environment resulting from the introduction of the new Money Lending Law. These four companies represented 70% of card lending outstanding balance in 2010. At the end of the 2009 financial year in March 2010, ACOM Co Ltd and Aiful Corporation experienced net losses. ACOM Co Ltd posted a net loss of YEN7.2 billion, while Aiful Corporation posted a YEN295.1 billion net loss. Promise Co Ltd and Takefuji Corporation posted net gains. Promise Co Ltd posted a net profit of YEN14.5 billion, while Takefuji Corporation posted a YEN4.5 billion net profit.

PROSPECTS

  • Consumer lending in Japan will continue to stagnate over the forecast period, with gross lending and outstanding balance each set to increase by less than 1% CAGR in constant value.

CATEGORY DATA

Segmentation

Segmentation

This market research report includes the following:

  • Consumer Lending
    • Consumer Credit
      • Card Lending
      • Auto Lending
      • Durables Lending
      • Education Lending
      • Home Lending
      • Other Personal Lending
    • Mortgages/Housing

Statistics Included

Statistics Included

For each category and subcategory you will receive the following data in Excel format:

From Passport

  • Market Size
  • Non-performing vs Others loans

Market size details:

  • Outstanding Balance real (constant 2008) Prices % growth
  • Outstanding Balance real (constant 2008) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Outstanding Balance real (constant 2008) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending real (constant 2008) Prices % growth
  • Gross Lending real (constant 2008) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending real (constant 2008) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Outstanding Balance % growth
  • Outstanding Balance local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Outstanding Balance per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending % growth
  • Gross Lending local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Outstanding Balance Nominal (Current) Prices % growth
  • Outstanding Balance Nominal (Current) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Outstanding Balance Nominal (Current) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending Nominal (Current) Prices % growth
  • Gross Lending Nominal (Current) Prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Gross Lending Nominal (Current) Prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY

Methodology

Methodology

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local mom-and-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data.

The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Research Methodology

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme. Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

  • National statistics offices governmental and official sources
  • National and international trade press
  • National and international trade associations
  • Industry study groups and other semi-official sources
  • Company financials and annual reports
  • Broker reports
  • Online databases
  • The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

  • Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store
  • Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?
  • Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices compare to those of branded goods?
  • Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

  • Fill gaps in available published data per company
  • Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category
  • Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date
  • Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press.

Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, national-specific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another?

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends.

Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.

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