Income and Expenditure in Asia Pacific

October 2022

Rapid economic development, ongoing urbanisation and digitalisation are expected to spur economic growth within Asia Pacific, with the region enjoying the largest income gains globally through to 2040. Vast infrastructure investments are expected to spur regional integration, leading to a diminishing urban/rural income gap. Nevertheless, rising global economic uncertainty and surging costs of living are adding to lowest-income class expansion, which in turn constrains discretionary spending.

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Key Findings

Disposable income grows at the fastest pace among the world’s regions

Total disposable income is set to more than double in real terms over 2021-2040, faster than in any other region, but will remain among the lowest globally. Fast economic development, ongoing urbanisation, and growing digital adoption are expected to be among the major growth drivers.

Lowest-income consumer group is set to rise at the fastest pace

Income inequality remains a pressing issue in Asia Pacific, with social support systems in many regional governments being ineffective in reducing inequality through taxes and government expenditure. The global economic recession, disruptions in supply chains and rising prices are set to hinder further growth of the middle class in Asia Pacific, adding to the expansion of lowest-income groups (social classes D and E).

Gender income gap is projected to expand

Despite extensive female empowerment efforts in many regional countries, the gender income gap is expected to increase over 2021-2040. Male-dominated industries, such as construction and manufacturing are growing rapidly in Asia Pacific, leading to higher income gains for men, while sectors dominated by women are struggling from negative COVID-19 effects.

Expenditure on transport and hospitality to witness the fastest growth

Due to rapid development of infrastructure, leading to better regional integration and unlocking more opportunities to work and travel, consumer expenditure on transport is growing at the fastest pace among all expenditure categories in Asia Pacific. Improving connectivity is also set to spur travel across the region, driving expenditure on hotels, while intensifying urbanisation and busier consumer lifestyles are expected to boost spending on catering.

Scope
Key findings
Consumer incomes expected to benefit from liberalising trade environment
The highest savings ratio globally due to a desire for security
Gender gap to increase further as men are enjoying faster income gains
Short-term consumer market outlook clouded by economic uncertainty
Spending on essentials to remain high due to rising prices
Expenditure on transport and hospitality to rise at the fastest pace
Asia Pacific to remain fragmented in terms of household expenditure
The need for family-orientated goods and services to remain high
Middle-aged consumers to shape demand for higher-value products
Lowest income class to expand at the fastest pace
Social businesses seek to promote employment in the region
Prevalence of informal labour and lack of social provision contribute to income inequality
Investments into rural areas help to mitigate the urban/rural expenditure gap
Azerbaijan: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Azerbaijan : Middle-income households
Azerbaijan: Essential spending by middle-income households
China: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
China : Middle-income households
China : Essential spending by middle-income households
Hong Kong: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Hong Kong : Middle-income households
Hong Kong : Essential spending by middle-income households
India: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
India : Middle-income households
India : Essential spending by middle-income households
Indonesia: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Indonesia: Middle-income households
Indonesia : Essential spending by middle-income households
Japan: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Japan: Middle-income households
Japan : Essential spending by middle-income households
Kazakhstan: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Kazakhstan: Middle-income households
Kazakhstan : Essential spending by middle-income households
Malaysia : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Malaysia: Middle-income households
Malaysia : Essential spending by middle-income households
Pakistan : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Pakistan : Middle-income households
Pakistan : Essential spending by middle-income households
Philippines : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Philippines : Middle-income households
Philippines : Essential spending by middle-income households
Singapore : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Singapore : Middle-income households
Singapore : Essential spending by middle-income households
South Korea : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
South Korea : Middle-income households
South Korea : Essential spending by middle-income households
Taiwan : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Taiwan: Middle-income households
Taiwan : Essential spending by middle-income households
Thailand: Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Thailand: Middle-income households
Thailand : Essential spending by middle-income households
Uzbekistan : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Uzbekistan: Middle-income households
Uzbekistan : Essential spending by middle-income households
Vietnam : Share of income and wealth of the middle segment
Vietnam: Middle-income households
Vietnam : Essential spending by middle-income households
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