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PEST Analysis: Saudi Arabia
July 2022
Economic freedom is reducing, whilst human rights abuses persist. However, taxes are very low and public finances are sustainable. Higher oil prices will help drive economic recovery in the short term, but substantial reliance on hydrocarbons remains. Rising incomes will support discretionary spending, but inequality is also widening and ageing is quickening. High internet use and mobile subscribers will create good opportunities for technology firms, whilst innovation is seen in smart cities.
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Overview:
Country Profiles examine the economic and political trends in 210 countries and associated regions, serving as a one-stop-shop for data and analysis on the economy, political landscape and the business environment. This report series allows you to understand the macro-economic environment as a basis for strategic planning.
If you're in the Commodities industry in Saudi Arabia, our research will help you to make informed, intelligent decisions; to recognise and profit from opportunity, or to offer resilience amidst market uncertainty
The Commodities in Saudi Arabia report includes:
Analysis of the country's political and macroeconomic stability
An overview of the economic structure and major industries
Latest economic performance
This report answers:
What is the economic outlook?
How stable is the political environment?
What are the country's risks and vulnerabilities?
What are the best sectors for investment?
Where should we focus our expansion strategy?
Which countries are moving up the value added chain away from primary sectors?
PEST Analysis: Saudi Arabia
PEST ANALYSIS
Chart 1 Main PEST Points in Saudi Arabia
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Opportunities
Challenges
Chart 2 Political Environment Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Opportunities
Challenges
Chart 3 Economic Environment Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Opportunities
Challenges
Chart 4 Social Environment Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Opportunities
Challenges
Chart 5 Technological Environment Dynamics in Saudi Arabia
The following categories and subcategories are included:
Commodities
Cereals Output Index
Crops Output Index
Livestock Output Index
Non Food Output Index
Arable Land
Permanent Cropland
Permanent Pasture Land
Other Land
Forest Land
Inland Water
Area harvested for Apples
Area harvested for Artichokes
Area harvested for Bananas
Area harvested for Cabbages and Other Brassicas
Area harvested for Cauliflower and Broccoli
Area harvested for Barley
Area harvested for Buckwheat
Area harvested for Maize
Area harvested for Millet
Area harvested for Oats
Area harvested for Rice
Area harvested for Rye
Area harvested for Sorghum
Area harvested for Wheat
Area harvested for Cinnamon
Area harvested for Cocoa Beans
Area harvested for Coffee (green)
Area harvested for Garlic
Area harvested for Grapes
Area harvested for Groundnuts
Area harvested for Hops
Area harvested for Lemons and Limes
Area harvested for Oil Palm Fruit
Area harvested for Onions
Area harvested for Oranges
Area harvested for Peaches and Nectarines
Area harvested for Pears
Area harvested for Pepper
Area harvested for Pineapples
Area harvested for Potatoes
Area harvested for Pulses
Area harvested for Quinoa
Area harvested for Rapeseed
Area harvested for Soybeans
Area harvested for Sugar Beet
Area harvested for Sugar Cane
Area harvested for Tangerines, Mandarins, Clementines
Area harvested for Tea
Area harvested for Tobacco
Area harvested for Tomatoes
Area harvested for Almonds
Area harvested for Cashew Nuts
Area harvested for Hazelnuts
Area harvested for Walnuts
Area harvested for Other Tree Nuts
Area harvested for Vanilla
Area harvested for Watermelons
Yield of Apples
Yield of Artichokes
Yield of Bananas
Yield of Cabbages and Other Brassicas
Yield of Cauliflower and Broccoli
Yield of Barley
Yield of Buckwheat
Yield of Maize
Yield of Millet
Yield of Oats
Yield of Rice
Yield of Rye
Yield of Sorghum
Yield of Wheat
Yield of Cinnamon
Yield of Cocoa Beans
Yield of Coffee (green)
Yield of Garlic
Yield of Grapes
Yield of Groundnuts
Yield of Hops
Yield of Lemons and Limes
Yield of Oil Palm Fruit
Yield of Onions
Yield of Oranges
Yield of Peaches and Nectarines
Yield of Pears
Yield of Pepper
Yield of Pineapples
Yield of Potatoes
Yield of Pulses
Yield of Quinoa
Yield of Rapeseed
Yield of Soybeans
Yield of Sugar Beet
Yield of Sugar Cane
Yield of Tangerines, Mandarins, Clementines
Yield of Tea
Yield of Tobacco
Yield of Tomatoes
Yield of Almonds
Yield of Cashew Nuts
Yield of Hazelnuts
Yield of Walnuts
Yield of Other Tree Nuts
Yield of Vanilla
Yield of Watermelons
Production of Apples
Production of Artichokes
Production of Bananas
Production of Cabbages and Other Brassicas
Production of Cauliflower and Broccoli
Production of Barley
Production of Buckwheat
Production of Maize
Production of Millet
Production of Oats
Production of Rice
Production of Rye
Production of Sorghum
Production of Wheat
Production of Cinnamon
Production of Cocoa Beans
Production of Coffee (green)
Production of Garlic
Production of Grapes
Production of Groundnuts
Production of Hops
Production of Lemons and Limes
Production of Oil Palm Fruit
Production of Onions
Production of Oranges
Production of Peaches and Nectarines
Production of Pears
Production of Pepper
Production of Pineapples
Production of Potatoes
Production of Pulses
Production of Quinoa
Production of Rapeseed
Production of Soybeans
Production of Sugar Beet
Production of Sugar Cane
Production of Tangerines, Mandarins, Clementines
Production of Tea
Production of Tobacco
Production of Tomatoes
Production of Almonds
Production of Cashew Nuts
Production of Hazelnuts
Production of Walnuts
Production of Other Tree Nuts
Production of Vanilla
Production of Watermelons
Production of Coconut Oil
Production of Cottonseed Oil
Production of Groundnut Oil
Production of Linseed Oil
Production of Maize Oil
Production of Palm Kernel Oil
Production of Palm Oil
Production of Rapeseed Oil
Production of Sesame Oil
Production of Soya Bean Oil
Production of Sunflower Oil
Production of Olive Oil
Production of Beer
Production of Wine
Production of Butter and Ghee
Production of Cheese
Production of Dried Cows' Milk
Production of Evaporated Milk
Production of Fresh Cows' Milk
Production of Hen Eggs
Production of Honey
Fish and Seafood Catch
Production of Beef and Veal
Production of Goat Meat
Production of Horse Meat
Production of Mutton and Lamb
Production of Pig Meat
Production of Poultry
Production of Fuelwood and Charcoal
Production of Household and Sanitary Paper
Production of Newsprint
Production of Paper and Paperboard
Production of Printing and Writing Paper
Production of Roundwood
Production of Sawnwood and Sleepers
Production of Wood Pulp
Asses
Cattle
Chickens
Goats
Horses
Pigs
Sheep
Cost of Apples per Tonne
Cost of Bananas per Tonne
Cost of Barley per Tonne
Cost of Beans per Tonne
Cost of Cattle Meat per Tonne
Cost of Chicken Meat per Tonne
Cost of Cocoa Beans per Tonne
Cost of Fresh Cow Milk per Tonne
Cost of Grapes per Tonne
Cost of Greasy Wool per Tonne
Cost of Green Coffee per Tonne
Cost of Groundnuts With Shell per Tonne
Cost of Maize per Tonne
Cost of Oranges per Tonne
Cost of Palm Oil per Tonne
Cost of Pig Meat per Tonne
Cost of Potatoes per Tonne
Cost of Rice per Tonne
Cost of Rye per Tonne
Cost of Seed Cotton per Tonne
Cost of Sheep Meat per Tonne
Cost of Soybeans per Tonne
Cost of Sugar Cane per Tonne
Cost of Sugar Beet per Tonne
Cost of Tea per Tonne
Cost of Tomatoes per Tonne
Cost of Unmanufactured Tobacco per Tonne
Cost of Wheat per Tonne
Production of Cotton Lint
Production of Jute
Production of Silk
Production of Wool
Land Used in Organic Farming
Fertiliser consumption
Use of Fertilisers: Nitrogen
Use of Fertilisers: Phosphate
Use of Fertilisers: Potash
Threatened Amphibian Species
Threatened Bird Species
Threatened Fish Species
Threatened Mammal Species
Threatened Reptile Species
Threatened Vascular Plant Species
Protected Biosphere Reserves: Sites
Protected Biosphere Reserves: Area
Wetlands Under Protection: Sites
Wetlands Under Protection: Area
Terrestrial Protected Areas
Marine Protected Areas
Terrestrial Protected Areas as % of Total Area
Marine Protected Areas as % of Total Area
Mean Maximum Temperature
Mean Minimum Temperature
Mean Temperature
Total Precipitation
Commodity Fuel (Energy) Index
Metals Index
Agricultural Raw Materials Index
Beverages Index
Food Index
Cotton Price
Hard Logs Price
Hard Sawnwood Price
Pulp Price
Rubber Price
Tobacco Price
Wool Price
Coal Price
Crude Oil (Europe Brent) Spot Price
Crude Oil (WTI Cushing) Spot Price
Natural Gas Price, Europe
Natural Gas Price, Japan
Natural Gas Price, USA
Almond Price
Apple Price
Banana Price
Barley Price
Beef Price
Cardamom Price
Chicken Price
Cocoa Price
Coconut Oil Price
Coffee Price
Coriander Price
Corn Price
Cumin Price
Grapefruit Price
Lamb Price
Lemon Price
Lime Price
Milk Price, European Union
Milk Price, New Zealand
Milk Price, USA
Orange Juice Price
Orange Price
Peanut Price
Palm Oil Price
Pepper Price
Pork Price
Red Chili Price
Rice Price
Salmon Price
Soybeans Price
Strawberry Price
Sugar Price, European Union
Sugar Price, USA
Sugar Price, World
Tea Price
Turmeric Price
Wheat Price
Aluminium Price
Copper Price
Gold Price
Iron Ore Price
Lead Price
Nickel Price
Silver Price
Steel Price, China
Steel Price, USA
Steel Price, Western Europe
Tin Price
Zinc Price
Primary Production of Coal, Peat and Oil Shale
Imports of Coal, Peat and Oil Shale
Exports of Coal, Peat and Oil Shale
Primary Production of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)
Imports of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)
Exports of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)
Imports of Oil Products
Exports of Oil Products
Primary Production of Natural Gas
Imports of Natural gas
Exports of Natural gas
Primary Production of Nuclear Energy
Primary Production of Hydro Energy
Primary Production of Geothermal Energy
Primary Production of Solar, Wind and Other Energy
Primary Production of Biofuels and Waste
Imports of Biofuels and Waste
Exports of Biofuels and Waste
Imports of Electricity
Exports of Electricity
Primary Energy Supply of Heat
Energy Efficiency
Energy Intensity
Final Consumption of Energy
Final Consumption of Coal, Peat and Oil Shale
Final Consumption of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)
Final Consumption of Oil Products
Final Consumption of Natural Gas
Final Consumption of Geothermal
Final Consumption of Solar, Wind and Other Renewables
Final Consumption of Biofuels and Waste
Final Consumption of Electricity
Final Consumption of Heat
Final Consumption of Energy by Industry
Final Consumption of Energy by Transport
Residential Consumption of Electricity
Residential Consumption of Gas
Final Consumption of Energy by Commerce
Final Consumption of Energy by Other Industries
Non Energy Final Consumption
Electricity Output from Geothermal Generation
Electricity Output from Hydroelectric Generation
Electricity Output from Solar Generation
Electricity Output from Wind-Powered Generation
Electricity Output from Other Sources
Electricity Output from Fossil Fuels
Electricity Output from Nuclear Generation
Electricity Output from Combustible Renewables and Waste Generation
Share of Electricity Output from Renewables
Share of Electricity Output from Non-Renewables
Heat Output
Production of Aviation Fuels
Production of Biogasoline
Production of Biodiesel
Production of Other Liquid Biofuels
Production of Diesel/Gasoil
Production of Liquefied Gases
Production of Motor Gasoline
Consumption of Aviation Fuels
Consumption of Biogasoline
Consumption of Biodiesel
Consumption of Other Liquid Biofuels
Consumption of Diesel/Gasoil
Consumption of Liquefied Gases
Consumption of Motor Gasoline
Ratio of Proven Coal Reserves to Production
Proven Coal Reserves (Year-End)
Share of World Coal Reserves
Ratio of Proven Oil Reserves to Production
Proven Oil Reserves (Year-End, '000 Million Barrels)
Proven Oil Reserves (Year-End)
Ratio of Proven Natural Gas Reserves to Production
Proven Natural Gas Reserves (Year-End)
Investment in Energy with Private Participation
Residential Electricity Price per MWh
Residential Gas Price per MWh
Residential Heating Oil Price per 1000 litres
Industry Electricity Price per MWh
Industry Gas Price per MWh
Industry Fuel Oil Price per 1000 litres
Capacity of Nuclear Reactors in Operation
Capacity of Nuclear Reactors Under Construction
Nuclear Reactors in Operation
Nuclear Reactors Under Construction
Rural Population with Access to Electricity
Urban Population with Access to Electricity
Population with Access to Clean Fuels and Technologies for Cooking
Environmental Resilience: Risk Index
Environmental Resilience: Global Warming
Forest & Biodiversity: Security
Forest & Biodiversity: Availability
Pollution: Air quality
Pollution: Water Pollution
Pollution: Municipal Waste
Energy: Equity
Energy: Security
Energy: Availability
Energy: Sustainability & Efficiency
Water: Security
Water: Equity
Water: Availability
Water: Efficiency
Food & Agriculture: Availability
Food & Agriculture: Security
Food & Agriculture: Health
Environmental Resilience Ranking: Risk Index
Environmental Resilience Ranking: Global Warming
Forest & Biodiversity Ranking: Security
Forest & Biodiversity Ranking: Availability
Pollution Ranking: Air quality
Pollution Ranking: Water Pollution
Pollution Ranking: Municipal Waste
Energy Ranking: Equity
Energy Ranking: Security
Energy Ranking: Availability
Energy Ranking: Sustainability & Efficiency
Water Ranking: Security
Water Ranking: Equity
Water Ranking: Availability
Water Ranking: Efficiency
Food & Agriculture Ranking: Availability
Food & Agriculture Ranking: Security
Food & Agriculture Ranking: Health
Domestic Extraction
Import of Materials
Export of Materials
Domestic Material Consumption of Biomass
Domestic Material Consumption of Metal Ores
Domestic Material Consumption of Non-Metallic Minerals
Domestic Material Consumption of Fossil Energy
Domestic Material Consumption of Other Products
Material Resource Productivity
Production of Aluminium
Production of Antimony
Production of Arsenic
Production of Asbestos
Production of Barite
Production of Bauxite
Production of Bismuth
Production of Boron
Production of Bromine
Production of Cadmium
Production of Chromium
Production of Cobalt
Production of Copper Ore
Production of Crude Steel
Production of Diatomite
Production of Feldspar
Production of Fluorspar
Production of Gallium
Production of Germanium
Production of Gold
Production of Graphite
Production of Gypsum
Production of Indium
Production of Iodine
Production of Iron Ore
Production of Kaolin
Production of Lead Ore
Production of Lithium
Production of Magnesite
Production of Magnesium
Production of Mercury
Production of Mica
Production of Nickel
Production of Perlite
Production of Phosphate Rock
Production of Pig Iron
Production of Palladium
Production of Platinum
Production of Potash
Production of Rare Earth Oxides
Production of Refined Copper
Production of Refined Lead
Production of Rhenium
Production of Selenium
Production of Sillimanite
Production of Silver
Production of Slab Zinc
Production of Smelter Copper
Production of Smelter Tin
Production of Sodium Carbonate
Production of Strontium
Production of Talc
Production of Tantalum and Niobium
Production of Tin Ore
Production of Tungsten
Production of Vanadium
Production of Vermiculite
Production of Wollastonite
Production of Zinc Ore
Production of Zirconium
Climatological Disasters
Geophysical Disasters
Hydrological Disasters
Meteorological Disasters
Exposure Index
Susceptibility Index
Lack of Coping Capacities Index
Lack of Adaptive Capacities Index
Exposure Ranking
Susceptibility Ranking
Lack of Coping Capacities Ranking
Lack of Adaptive Capacities Ranking
Coal Rents
Forest Rents
Mineral Rents
Natural Gas Rents
Oil Rents
CO Annual Mean
SO2 Annual Mean
NO2 Annual Mean
PM2.5 Annual Mean
PM10 Annual Mean
CO Annual Peak
SO2 Annual Peak
NO2 Annual Peak
PM2.5 Annual Peak
PM10 Annual Peak
Consumption of All Ozone Depleting Substances
CO2 Emissions from the Consumption and Flaring of Natural Gases
CO2 Emissions from the Consumption of Coal
CO2 Emissions from the Consumption of Petroleum
CO2 Emissions per Unit of Output
CO2 Emissions from Transport
CO Emissions
NOx Emissions
PM10 Concentration
SO2 Emissions
Methane Emissions
Methane Emissions from Agriculture
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Industry
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Efficiency
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity
Electronic Products Put on Market
Electronic Waste Collected
Electronic Waste Recovered
Hazardous Industrial Waste
Municipal Waste
Nuclear Waste: Spent Fuel Arising
Metal Waste Generated
Glass Waste Generated
Paper and Cardboard Waste Generated
Rubber Waste Generated
Plastic Waste Generated
Wood Waste Generated
Textile Waste Generated
Waste Generated by Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Waste Generated by Mining and Quarrying
Waste Generated by Manufacturing
Waste Generated by Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply
Waste Generated by Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste Management
Waste Generated by Construction
Waste Generated by Services
Waste Generated by Households
Waste Generated by Wholesale of Waste and Scrap
Waste Intensity in Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Waste Intensity in Mining and Quarrying
Waste Intensity in Manufacturing
Waste Intensity in Construction
Recycling
Composting
Incineration
Landfill
Incineration Plants
Landfill Sites
Wastewater Treatment Plants
Metal Waste Recycled
Glass Waste Recycled
Paper and cardboard Waste Recycled
Rubber Waste Recycled
Plastic Waste Recycled
Wood Waste Recycled
Textile Waste Recycled
Internal Renewable Water Resources
External Renewable Water Resources
Reliance (dependency) on External Water Resources
Exploitable: Regular Renewable Surface Water
Exploitable: Irregular Renewable Surface Water
Exploitable: Total Renewable Surface Water
Exploitable: Regular Renewable Groundwater
Dam Capacity
Agricultural Water Withdrawal
Industrial Water Withdrawal
Municipal Water Withdrawal
Fresh Surface Water Withdrawal
Fresh Groundwater Withdrawal
Water Stress
Water Productivity
Water Intensity
Water Quality
Rural Population Using at least Basic Drinking Water Services
Urban Population Using at least Basic Drinking Water Services
Rural Population Using at least Basic Sanitation Services
Urban Population Using at least Basic Sanitation Services
Length of Marine Coastline
Produced Municipal Wastewater
Collected Municipal Wastewater
Treated Municipal Wastewater
Irrigated Land
Agricultural Water Managed Area
% of Agricultural Water Managed Area Equipped for Irrigation
Harvested Irrigated Crop Area
Harvested Irrigated Crop Area as % of Full Control Irrigation Area Actually Irrigated
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