Income and Expenditure

Private consumption in Romania is set to grow through to 2040, driven by an expansionary fiscal policy after the COVID-19 pandemic, rising disposable incomes and increased employment opportunities. However, elevated inflation, a robust rise in food…

Persisting economic and political uncertainties, high corruption, a large informal sector and prevailing infrastructure gaps will limit Peruvian income growth over the medium term. Income inequality is projected to remain high, as the lowest-income…

Per capita income levels in Spain are expected to increase at a moderate pace in the long term, just slightly slower than the Western Europe average, stimulated by labour reforms and incoming European funds. In the near term, however, soaring prices…

In Pakistan, per capita income levels are forecast to rise at a slower pace than the Asia Pacific average and remain among the lowest among regional peers by 2040. Lack of skills, a large informal sector, low female employment and slow social…

Per capita gross income in Norway is set to increase at a moderate rate and remain among the highest regionally through to 2040. The country’s consumer market will continue to recover in the medium term, supported by full economic reopening,…

The growth of Turkey’s consumer income is to be facilitated by strong economic development over 2021-2040. Increasing income levels, improving consumer confidence and relatively fast economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic are set to support…

Consumer income in Portugal will record growth by 2040 supported by economic recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic and expected healthy economic growth. Seniors will remain predominant among the highest income earners, shaping future discretionary…

The South Korean consumer market was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic but is set to recover over the medium term, driven and underpinned by easing restrictions, improving consumer confidence, expansionary fiscal policy and declining…

Although per capita income levels are anticipated to increase at a slower pace than the regional average, incomes in Saudi Arabia will remain relatively high by regional standards over 2021-2040. Comprehensive structural reforms and economic…

Huge income inequality and soaring unemployment pose risks to consumer market development in South Africa. The middle class will continue to contract, while the lowest income class will remain the dominant consumer segment. Nevertheless, the Gauteng…

Per capita income levels in Indonesia are set to more than double over the long term. Structural reforms and improving business environment are expected to help attract investment and boost job creation in higher-value-added industries, driving…

Private consumption is anticipated to witness slower growth over 2019-2030. Although a new economic plan is set to address high inequality and support middle class expansion, limited disposable wage growth and cuts in fuel subsidies are expected to…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Belgium consumer income is set to grow, fostered by a stable economic outlook and vibrant labour market. Those aged 50-59 will hold the greatest purchasing power in 2040, while seniors will be the highest income-earning cohort. Housing will remain…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Brazil is set to remain the largest consumer market in Latin America, despite sluggish projected income growth though to 2040. Long-term household purchasing power expansion will be limited by looming high unemployment level, low personal savings and…

Gross incomes in Denmark are expected to remain above the regional growth rate over 2021-2040, driven by stable economic growth and a generous welfare system. The country’s middle class is set to remain one of the strongest in Europe, although…