Income and Expenditure

Consumer income in New Zealand is expected to increase substantially by 2040, helped by economic performance. Purchasing power will be divided between current Millennials and Generations Z and Alpha, yet the older generation will be more likely to ...

The consumer market will witness a slowdown, due to rising economic and political uncertainties, which stifle consumer sentiment. Infrastructure gaps, persistent corruption, and a large informal economy will continue to hinder income growth. The ...

Portuguese consumer income will record slow but steady expansion by 2040, stimulated by healthy economic growth. Present-day Millennials will be holding the highest purchasing power in 2040, yet seniors will remain predominant among the ...

Hungarian income and spending is set to witness elevated growth, owing to strong economic performance. Seniors, as well as people in urban areas, especially the capital, are expected to shape the development of discretionary spending, while today’s ...

Private consumption growth will slow in Greece over the medium term, due to rising uncertainties and the global economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic will exacerbate underlying issues caused by the previous financial ...

Over 2020-2040, Nigeria’s per capita income is set to decline, as the economic outlook remains challenging. Due to rapid population growth and relatively low productivity, the unemployment rate will remain well above double-digit levels. Thus, ...

Hong Kong had one of the highest levels of per capita disposable income globally in 2019. A thriving labour market and high standard of living will drive consumer expenditure growth over 2020-2040. However, the income gap is expected to remain large....

Consumer income and expenditure growth is anticipated to remain strong in the long term. The growth is, in part, associated with rapidly growing employment opportunities in urban areas and, therefore, declining high self-employment rates. In ...

Income and spending in Morocco are projected to improve slightly during 2020-2040, due to expanding business activities especially in higher value-added industries, and growing employment opportunities. In addition, strong economic development will ...

Kenyan consumer income is expected to grow substantially by 2040, helped by an improving business environment and economic expansion. Purchasing power will be concentrated in present-day millennials’ hands, yet seniors will be the major spenders of ...

Consumer income in the Netherlands is expected to witness a moderate increase by 2040, facilitated by stable economic expansion. Purchasing power will be concentrated in the hands of Generation X, yet seniors will be the major spenders on luxury ...

Italian consumer income is projected to record only slight expansion by 2040, hindered by high structural and youth unemployment. Present-day Middle Youth will be determining spending patterns in 2040, while Mid-Lifers will be major spenders on ...

Vietnam’s consumer income is expected to more than double by 2040, facilitated by robust economic growth. Purchasing power will be largely concentrated in the hands of younger generations. Generations Y and Z are expected to shape luxury-spending ...

Thailand’s consumer income is expected to grow strongly by 2040, facilitated by stable economic development and declining unemployment. Employment will remain the major income source, driving the purchasing power of working-age individuals. ...

A higher level of urbanisation and increased household income are set to stimulate consumer market expansion in the Philippines through to 2040. However, systemic corruption and a high poverty rate, as well as inequalities in education and changes in...

Mexico’s consumer income is expected to marginally increase by 2040, affected by the pandemic and short-term economic contraction. Purchasing power will be concentrated in present-day Gen Z’s hands, yet Millennials will be the major spenders on ...

Fast population growth, increasing urbanisation, and rising household income will drive expansion of the consumer market over the long term. However, consumer sentiment may be held back by widespread corruption, inefficient implementation of reforms,...

Malaysian incomes are set to double by 2040, supported by steady economic growth and near-full employment, with present day post-millennials shaping the development of the local premium goods and services segment. However, rising costs associated ...

Japanese consumer income is among the highest in developed countries; however, it is expected to grow only marginally through to 2040, owing to an ageing population, a stagnating economy, and short-term socio-economic turbulence. Increased income ...

Indonesian consumer income is expected to grow nearly six times by 2040, driven by robust population growth, rising worker productivity, and increasing wages. Purchasing power will be concentrated in the hands of the Middle Youth, determining future ...