Income and Expenditure

The global outlook has improved as of Q1 2021, thanks to vaccination progress in many developed countries. Nevertheless, the recovery prospects remain distant for most economies in the face of the spread of new, more infectious variants of the virus.…

The global economic outlook continues to improve in Q2 2021, though a two-speed recovery is taking shape as developed economies are set to bounce back quicker while the slow vaccine rollout in developing countries is delaying their recovery. The main…

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered the most severe global recession in nearly a century. Businesses are operating in a world of anxieties and uncertainties, not knowing what will be the new normal or when output and consumer spending…

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered the most severe global recession since World War II. In Q4 2020, the end of the pandemic started as countries began administering effective vaccines among the population; however, vaccine distribution…

As the end of 2021 approaches, almost two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence and rapid spread of the Omicron coronavirus variant has increased uncertainty and weakened the momentum of the global recovery. This series of quarterly reports…

Expanding population, ageing, migration, and generational shifts shape Hong Kong’s demographic landscape. Economic turbulences influence consumers’ consumption patterns with more people having negative outlook. The number of seniors is projected to…

Rapid economic development, ongoing urbanisation and digitalisation are expected to spur economic growth within Asia Pacific, with the region enjoying the largest income gains globally through to 2040. Vast infrastructure investments are expected to…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

In 2023, Bangladesh ranked 17th among Asia Pacific nations in terms of average gross income. Even though the income levels remained comparatively low, in 2023 the country recorded an accelerated increase in per capita disposable incomes, which grew…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

With China’s economy reopening, consumer spending and income growth are expected to accelerate. Over the period to 2027, the lower middle class (socioeconomic group D) is set to experience the fastest expansion, while the lowest income class…

With Hong Kong’s economy reopening, consumer spending and income growth are expected to accelerate. However, elevated prices lead to more cautious consumer behaviour, while income inequalities persist at high levels, with wealth concentrated among a…

With India’s strong economic development, consumer spending and incomes are expected to grow at a comparatively faster pace. However, elevated prices will continue to pressure the vast low-income class, while income inequalities will continue to…

With Indonesia’s strong economic development, consumer spending and incomes are expected to grow at a comparatively fast pace. By 2027, the lower middle class D is set to remain prevalent, while social class C is forecast to expand at the fastest…

Per capita income levels in Japan are among the highest regionally, but are set to record a slight decline in real terms over the period to 2027. Medium-term consumer market development is set to be hindered by deepening social and gender inequality,…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Malaysia is projected to experience robust income growth, with the country expected to achieve high-income status between 2024 and 2028, according to World Bank estimates. In 2027, individuals aged 30-34 are forecast to maintain the highest per…

Myanmar's per capita income is expected to see a modest increase. Middle Youth will continue to shape luxury spending trends. However, income inequality is set to rise to extremely high levels in global terms. Social class A is poised for rapid…

Despite slower income growth from 2022 to 2027, Singapore will maintain one of the highest per capita income levels in the region. The prevalence of sectors such as finance, tech, healthcare and research are set to continue to sustain higher income…