Income and Expenditure

After decades of low inflation, economies, companies and consumers worldwide struggle to cope with the surging cost-of-living crisis. While the costs are proliferating, the expansion in remuneration is slow. This squeeze on living standards leads to…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries. Global inflation is reaching a peak, although geopolitical risks and uncertainty in the energy market remain key risks. The impact varies between countries, with…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries. In 2023, global inflation is expected to ease from its peak in 2022, but remaining significantly above-trend. Geopolitical risks and uncertainty in the energy market are…

Increased economic uncertainty, digitisation of business activities, the need to improve operational efficiency, and stricter regulations encourage companies to review their supply networks and fortify them against the potential risks in the future.…

Global consumers are struggling with the cost of living crisis, as inflation remains high while household income growth lags. Consumers are adopting recessionary habits, such as trading down and being more selective in their spending. Rather than…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

With India’s strong economic development, consumer spending and incomes are expected to grow at a comparatively faster pace. However, elevated prices will continue to pressure the vast low-income class, while income inequalities will continue to…

Population expansion, higher birth rates, a large youth cohort, and urbanisation continue to shape India’s demographic landscape. Stronger economic performance and growing incomes influence Indian consumption patterns with more people having a…

In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with rising income inequality being among the key ones. Nevertheless, addressing the income inequality through catering to the Bottom of the Pyramid and the Middle Class…