Income and Expenditure

This briefing provides a global perspective of the key trends occurring in cities over 2018 -2023. It goes on to provide forecast data and insights for cities over 2024-2040, covering areas such as the economic, population and consumer spending…

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the potential market strategies for companies in Sub-Saharan Africa amidst the current cost of living crisis. It details how companies can leverage affordability, technology, and values to cater to the…

Technological advances in 2024 will continue to reshape consumer behaviour. This annual report explores the top five digital shopper trends that will redefine commerce the most in the year ahead. Some of the trends included in this report’s edition…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries in Q4 2023 and 2024. Global inflation is moderating, although divergence remains among the key economies. Higher volatility in the energy markets and disruption of…

Rising costs of living pose challenges globally, but companies can find opportunities in several categories, essential and discretionary, especially in underpenetrated fast-growing markets. By considering category adjacencies and focusing on value,…

In the upcoming years, consumers and businesses face an array of challenges, with rising income inequality being among the key ones. Nevertheless, addressing the income inequality through catering to the Bottom of the Pyramid and the Middle Class…

Ethiopia's consumer income is forecast to grow by nearly one-fifth over 2022-2027, yet still ranking among the world's lowest. Consumer market expansion will face challenges due to soaring inflation, averaging 32% in 2023, as well as severe income…

Uganda is expected to experience significant economic growth from 2022 to 2027, with substantial increases in per capita income. Late Lifers will be the highest earners, influencing luxury spending trends. However, income inequality is projected to…

Moroccan consumer incomes are expected to rise from 2022 to 2027 due to emergence of better job opportunities and increased remittances. However, the growth is set to be slower than regional average, partly due to climate change affecting…

Continued income inequality and rising inflation threaten consumer market development in Ghana. With a significant portion of the population allocating most of their income to necessities, discretionary spending is set to remain limited over the long…

Algeria's per capita disposable income is projected to rise by 8.6%, driven by ongoing economic growth, reduced unemployment, and increased social support. Nevertheless, a significant gender income gap and high inflation present challenges to…

Tanzania's per capita income is projected to grow in real terms until 2027, driven by robust economic growth. Middle Youth will dominate the highest earning population band, influencing luxury spending. Income inequality is extremely high and…

Significant income inequality and elevated inflation pose challenges to Kenya’s consumer market in the medium term. Discretionary spending is predicted to remain limited, due to the extensive size of social class E. Due to the country’s strong…

Disposable income per capita is poised to decline in real terms between 2022 and 2027, driven by escalating inflation and unemployment. The trend is predicted to worsen considerably the already significant income inequality, with discretionary…

Egypt is forecast to experience economic growth, leading to an increase in per capita disposable income. The population aged 40-44 will be the highest income earners per capita in 2027. Income inequality is moderate by global standards but is…

From 2022 to 2040, South Africa's population growth will slow due to declining fertility rates, leading to childless households rising. Generation Alpha (15-30 age group) are set to overtake millennials as the most prevalent cohort. Ongoing…

Nigeria’s population is projected to expand by 47% between 2022 and 2040, driven by natural increase, with a median age of 21 years dominated by Gen Alpha. The ongoing urbanization is largely unplanned, resulting in the proliferation of slums and…

Nigeria's consumer income growth is expected to lag behind the regional average over 2022-2027, double-digit inflation and elevated unemployment hindering income gains. Climate change and persisting war in Ukraine add to rising food prices,…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…

Consumer Lifestyles offers valuable insights into key consumer attitudes and current thinking, and their impact on purchasing and consumption habits; quantifying behaviours, preferences and motivations and aligning them with broader trends.

Increased economic uncertainty, digitisation of business activities, the need to improve operational efficiency, and stricter regulations encourage companies to review their supply networks and fortify them against the potential risks in the future.…

The world is rapidly evolving due economic, political, geographic and climate changes. This is contributing to a change in consumer’s habit and behaviour as they try to keep pace with these newer developments. Deeper understanding of these changes…

It is important to understand how urbanisation is being driven in emerging markets, and how new suburban developments are occurring in developed markets, what changes in household types and sizes will occur, and how the modern home will evolve,…

Due to changing global demographics and unfolding financial and environmental concerns, consumption patterns have been evolving over the recent years, accelerating the shift towards more budget-conscious and eco-aware shopping. As changing consumer…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries. In 2023, global inflation is expected to ease from its peak in 2022, but remaining significantly above-trend. Geopolitical risks and uncertainty in the energy market are…

Now in its seventh edition, this report explores the top digital shopper trends that will redefine commerce the most in the year ahead. Some of the trends included in this edition touch on topics such as second-hand shopping, community group buying,…

Fast economic development in the Middle East and Africa region is unlocking high levels of unmet potential and resulting in diminishing regional disparities and rapid growth in consumer incomes. Nevertheless, income inequality is set to increase in…

After decades of low inflation, economies, companies and consumers worldwide struggle to cope with the surging cost-of-living crisis. While the costs are proliferating, the expansion in remuneration is slow. This squeeze on living standards leads to…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries. Global inflation is reaching a peak, although geopolitical risks and uncertainty in the energy market remain key risks. The impact varies between countries, with…

Cote d’Ivoire is expected to be one of the fastest growing economies globally through to 2040, leading to one of the highest increases in disposable income levels regionally. Increasing digitalisation, structural reforms and rapid urbanisation are…

The briefing introduces the Cities Households Necessities Spending Index. The index ranks 1,075 cities by household expenditure on non-discretionary items, namely food, housing, and clothing and footwear. This analysis focuses on 160 major cities.…

The global urban consumer landscape is increasingly complex and difficult to navigate. Which cities should you choose for your consumer business expansion? To answer this and other questions, we are introducing the Euromonitor International Cities…

As the end of 2021 approaches, almost two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence and rapid spread of the Omicron coronavirus variant has increased uncertainty and weakened the momentum of the global recovery. This series of quarterly reports…

The next billion consumers represent new growth opportunities worth trillions of dollars in consumer spending across the globe. However, the next billion consumers are not a monolithic cohort, as they vary hugely from market to market. In order to…

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in business models and consumer behaviour, as well as altering the ways and the geography many of us live, work, study and play. Understanding what changes will stick after the pandemic…

Investments into digital technologies and industry 4.0 are transforming economies and consumer behaviour. The briefing examines how digitalisation manifests in manufacturing, mobility, education and consumer lifestyles to improve business…

The global urban consumer landscape is increasingly complex and difficult to navigate. Which cities should you choose for your consumer business expansion? To answer this and other questions, we are introducing the Euromonitor International Cities…

Engaging millennials and Generation Z consumers matters now more than ever, as the disruptions experienced by these unique generations since the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) have accelerated both challenges and opportunities for businesses. To…

Global consumer expenditure will rebound in 2021 following the downturn in 2020 as a result of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Spending on hotels and catering is forecast to have the fastest real growth. This report will provide key insights…

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered the most severe global recession since World War II. In Q4 2020, the end of the pandemic started as countries began administering effective vaccines among the population; however, vaccine distribution…

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has shaken up consumer goods and service industries in the Middle East, putting pressure on supply chains and depressing sales as lockdowns and job losses squeeze discretionary spending. Essential items such as packaged food,…

This report provides insights into how the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic impacts the middle class in emerging and developing countries. It will also deep dive into China, home to nearly half of the developing world’s middle class, to uncover the…