Income and Expenditure

Stable economic growth and low unemployment are set to support steady expansion in Swiss household incomes over 2021-2040. While discretionary spending patterns will be driven by Mid-Lifers, the elderly population will hold the majority of buying…

Belgium's consumer income is forecast to grow over 2022-2027, mainly driven by healthy long-term economic development. However, rising living and transportation costs may restrict purchasing power and discretionary spending, especially among…

France will witness stagnant economic growth over the forecast period, which will contribute to slow long-term expansion in consumer incomes. In the near future, the rising cost of living is set to undermine French purchasing power and dampen…

In the coming years, inflation in the Netherlands is expected to decrease and consumer incomes and expenditures to grow, driven by robust long-term economic and technological development. The expansion of the middle class is expected, while income…

Turkish consumer income is predicted to increase at a faster rate than in Western Europe over the period to 2027, although starting from lower initial levels. Middle-aged consumers are set to earn the most, due to better jobs and multiple income…

Italy's economic growth will remain stagnant, hampering the long-term expansion of consumer incomes. In the near future, the increasing cost of living will erode purchasing power and limit discretionary spending. By 2027, Mid-Lifers are expected to…

Inflationary pressures are expected to hinder real disposable income growth and diminish purchasing power in the near future. Nevertheless, the government is implementing measures to protect vulnerable households amidst the cost-of-living crisis.…

Denmark’s per capita gross income is predicted to rise over 2022-2027, with Late Lifers driving luxury spending. Income inequality is predicted to increase moderately, and social class D will expand. Meanwhile, housing expenses are increasing and…

Sweden’s economic trajectory projects an increase in per capita gross income over 2022-2027, shaped by Late Lifers’ dominance in the top income band. The current moderate income inequality is forecast to grow. Rising housing costs and evolving…

Portugal's per capita income will notably rise. Later Lifers will lead luxury spending. Despite a projected decrease in income inequality, it will remain high in global terms. Social class C will grow rapidly, while social class D remains dominant.…

Norway is expected to experience economic growth and increased per capita income over 2022-2027, with growing savings per capita. Later Lifers are predicted to be the highest earners by 2027, impacting luxury spending trends. Income inequality is…

Persisting inflationary pressure is expected to constrain the purchasing power of the German consumers resulting in a slowdown in discretionary spending growth. Nevertheless, in the long term, consumer incomes are set to grow due to rising…

Greece's per capita income is set to rise, driven by Later Lifers influencing luxury spending. Despite an increase in income inequality, it will remain high in global terms. Social class E will grow rapidly, while social class D will remain…

Ireland is expected to experience economic growth and increased per capita income over 2022-2027. Later Lifers are projected to dominate the top income group, influencing luxury spending. While income inequality is forecast to increase, poverty rates…

In 2022, a recovering tourism sector and lower unemployment rates boosted consumer incomes, while government aid has alleviated the impact of rising energy costs. However, medium-term income growth is predicted to be modest. In 2027, the population…

Austrian incomes remain among the highest in Western Europe. However, the government responded to the challenges posed by soaring inflation in 2022 by implementing a substantial anti-inflation relief package to assist those most affected. Going…

Income growth in Finland is anticipated to be sluggish due to subdued economic growth, although it is expected to maintain a high standing within the EU context. As the lowest income class experiences the fastest expansion among all income classes,…