Income and Expenditure

Despite the rising protectionism and the shock of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, globalisation is proving to endure. However, our world is entering a new era of globalisation, with paths forward encompassing supply chain shifts, digital…

Rapid economic development, ongoing urbanisation and digitalisation are expected to spur economic growth within Asia Pacific, with the region enjoying the largest income gains globally through to 2040. Vast infrastructure investments are expected to…

In most Latin American countries, income inequality is set to reduce over the period to 2040. Increasing investment in rural development and rising agricultural productivity are expected to diminish the rural/urban income gap, while increasing access…

Fast economic development in the Middle East and Africa region is unlocking high levels of unmet potential and resulting in diminishing regional disparities and rapid growth in consumer incomes. Nevertheless, income inequality is set to increase in…

Private label – retailers’ alternatives to brands – tend to benefit from inflation. However, despite record inflation in France, Germany and the UK, the market share of private label in the three countries remained broadly stable across FMCGs in…

After decades of low inflation, economies, companies and consumers worldwide struggle to cope with the surging cost-of-living crisis. While the costs are proliferating, the expansion in remuneration is slow. This squeeze on living standards leads to…

Today’s consumer is diverse, not only along the lines of race, ethnicity, age, income, education and urban-rural locations, but also in terms of their behaviours, values and priorities. The environment and the setting in which they live are also…

Due to changing global demographics and unfolding financial and environmental concerns, consumption patterns have been evolving over the recent years, accelerating the shift towards more budget-conscious and eco-aware shopping. As changing consumer…

It is important to understand how urbanisation is being driven in emerging markets, and how new suburban developments are occurring in developed markets, what changes in household types and sizes will occur, and how the modern home will evolve,…

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the consumer landscape, giving rise to changes in consumer priorities and preferences. This requires companies across a range consumer industries – from alcoholic drinks and apparel and footwear through to home…

The world is rapidly evolving due economic, political, geographic and climate changes. This is contributing to a change in consumer’s habit and behaviour as they try to keep pace with these newer developments. Deeper understanding of these changes…

Following a decade of low borrowing costs, businesses and consumers now face increasing financial pressure due to a surge in interest rates in 2023. High interest rates have far-reaching consequences on economies, businesses and households, impacting…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Businesses and consumers are facing a new economic reality as the global economy enters a period of slower growth and high inflation, while energy pressures, rising cost of capital, tight labour market, geopolitical risks and a reset of globalisation…

While the global luxury goods market contracted notably, Asia showed signs of recovery as early as Q2 2020, minimising the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This report analyses the background to the quick recovery of personal luxury…

The report analyses the economic state of Sub-Saharan Africa. It seeks to assess the opportunities in the region against the backdrop of its young, large and fast-growing population, as well as the bottlenecks Sub-Saharan Africa faces, including…

Increased economic uncertainty, digitisation of business activities, the need to improve operational efficiency, and stricter regulations encourage companies to review their supply networks and fortify them against the potential risks in the future.…

Emerging Asia has been one of the most exciting regions in emerging markets during the last two decades and this trend is expected to continue, though the pace of growth has slowed down as the economies transform and mature. By 2040, emerging Asia…

Emerging Asia has been one of the most exciting regions in emerging markets during the last two decades and this trend is expected to continue, though the pace of growth has slowed down as the economies transform and mature. By 2040, emerging Asia…