Income and Expenditure

Businesses and consumers are facing a new economic reality as the global economy enters a period of slower growth and high inflation, while energy pressures, rising cost of capital, tight labour market, geopolitical risks and a reset of globalisation…

Global consumers are struggling with the cost of living crisis, as inflation remains high while household income growth lags. Consumers are adopting recessionary habits, such as trading down and being more selective in their spending. Rather than…

Ageing, urbanisation, migration, and the generational shift continue to shape Poland's demographic landscape. The number of seniors in Poland will notably increase through to 2040. The influence of Millennials on consumer preferences will solidify,…

This report examines inflation levels and drivers globally and in key countries. Global inflation is moderating, although volatility in the energy markets and faster consumption growth in China are among the key risks that could increase inflation.…

Consumer Lifestyles offers valuable insights into key consumer attitudes and current thinking, and their impact on purchasing and consumption habits; quantifying behaviours, preferences and motivations and aligning them with broader trends.

The Belgian population is expanding due to an influx of immigrants, while businesses are becoming more diverse and inclusive. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are increasingly…

The French population is sustained by an influx of immigrants, while businesses are becoming more diverse and inclusive. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are increasingly…

Belgium's consumer income is forecast to grow over 2022-2027, mainly driven by healthy long-term economic development. However, rising living and transportation costs may restrict purchasing power and discretionary spending, especially among…

Poland's consumer income is projected to experience subdued growth over the near term, in line with considerably slowing economic development. Middle-class households are forecast to decline, while the lowest income class is set to expand at the…

France will witness stagnant economic growth over the forecast period, which will contribute to slow long-term expansion in consumer incomes. In the near future, the rising cost of living is set to undermine French purchasing power and dampen…

The digitalisation and expansion of high-tech industries in South Korea are poised to fuel consumer growth, surpassing the regional average. The rise of a burgeoning middle class and an expanding affluent consumer segment will serve as pillars for…

South Korea has witnessed population decline over the recent years, as number of childless households continue to increase. Generation X, aged 60-75 in 2040, will continue to hold its position as the most influential consumer segment. Older cohorts…

In the coming years, inflation in the Netherlands is expected to decrease and consumer incomes and expenditures to grow, driven by robust long-term economic and technological development. The expansion of the middle class is expected, while income…

The US is poised to remain the world’s largest consumer market over the forecast period, due to its sizable population, significant concentration of affluent consumers and a positive economic outlook. However, income inequality is predicted to…

Turkish consumer income is predicted to increase at a faster rate than in Western Europe over the period to 2027, although starting from lower initial levels. Middle-aged consumers are set to earn the most, due to better jobs and multiple income…

With China’s economy reopening, consumer spending and income growth are expected to accelerate. Over the period to 2027, the lower middle class (socioeconomic group D) is set to experience the fastest expansion, while the lowest income class…

Australia's income in 2022 is on the rise, with Late Lifers driving luxury spending. However, income inequality is set to increase, and social class E will see the fastest expansion. New South Wales remains the country's largest consumer market,…

In 2022, the Netherlands saw stable birth rates, but deaths exceeded births for the first time since 1900. Immigration, particularly from Ukraine, contributed to population growth. The housing crisis worsened due to increased demand, leading to a…

Through to 2040, the US demographic profile is expected to tilt towards childless households, influenced by low birth rates and an ageing population. The US is set to remain the global leader in terms of luxury spending, yet widening income…

Cities are hubs for spending, with 80% of expenditure expected to be generated by urban areas in 2023. Spending growth in 2023 will, however, be sluggish, as cost of living challenges force consumers to be more conservative in their expenditure. Over…