Income and Expenditure

Businesses and consumers are facing a new economic reality as the global economy enters a period of slower growth and high inflation, while energy pressures, rising cost of capital, tight labour market, geopolitical risks and a reset of globalisation…

The global energy crisis has had far-reaching implications for consumers, businesses and entire economies, highlighting the importance of the global energy transition and boosting energy efficiency, while creating opportunities for innovation and…

Following a decade of low borrowing costs, businesses and consumers now face increasing financial pressure due to a surge in interest rates in 2023. High interest rates have far-reaching consequences on economies, businesses and households, impacting…

The world is rapidly evolving due economic, political, geographic and climate changes. This is contributing to a change in consumer’s habit and behaviour as they try to keep pace with these newer developments. Deeper understanding of these changes…

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the consumer landscape, giving rise to changes in consumer priorities and preferences. This requires companies across a range consumer industries – from alcoholic drinks and apparel and footwear through to home…

It is important to understand how urbanisation is being driven in emerging markets, and how new suburban developments are occurring in developed markets, what changes in household types and sizes will occur, and how the modern home will evolve,…

Due to changing global demographics and unfolding financial and environmental concerns, consumption patterns have been evolving over the recent years, accelerating the shift towards more budget-conscious and eco-aware shopping. As changing consumer…

Today’s consumer is diverse, not only along the lines of race, ethnicity, age, income, education and urban-rural locations, but also in terms of their behaviours, values and priorities. The environment and the setting in which they live are also…

In 2022, the Netherlands saw stable birth rates, but deaths exceeded births for the first time since 1900. Immigration, particularly from Ukraine, contributed to population growth. The housing crisis worsened due to increased demand, leading to a…

After decades of low inflation, economies, companies and consumers worldwide struggle to cope with the surging cost-of-living crisis. While the costs are proliferating, the expansion in remuneration is slow. This squeeze on living standards leads to…

Private label – retailers’ alternatives to brands – tend to benefit from inflation. However, despite record inflation in France, Germany and the UK, the market share of private label in the three countries remained broadly stable across FMCGs in…

Mexican population growth is sustained by substantial immigration flows and natural change levels, resulting in Generation Z and millennials emerging as dominant age groups with increasing influence in consumer market. ICT stands as a critical…

Population expansion, higher birth rates, large youth cohort, migration and urbanisation continue to shape Malaysia’s demographic landscape. Cultural inclination to save and budget influence consumer spending patterns, while expanding middle class…

By 2040, Japan's market will tilt toward elderly, childless households due to falling fertility rates and an aging populace, with Gen X reigning supreme. Despite a relatively low inflation rate, a quarter of Japanese consumers are driven by bargain…

Rapidly aging population and negative rate of natural change in Italy compensated by growing immigration and influx of refugees. Consumer trends and consumption patterns sparked by the pandemic are still observed in 2022, and consumers are…

Population expansion, a high birth rate, a large youth cohort and urbanisation continue to shape Indonesia’s demographic landscape. The cultural inclination to save and budget influences consumer spending patterns, while the expanding middle class…

Population expansion, higher birth rates, a large youth cohort, and urbanisation continue to shape India’s demographic landscape. Stronger economic performance and growing incomes influence Indian consumption patterns with more people having a…

Vietnam’s consumer income is expected to more than double by 2040, facilitated by robust economic growth. Purchasing power will be largely concentrated in the hands of younger generations. Generations Y and Z are expected to shape luxury-spending…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…

Insight into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers and households is vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which…