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Retail in Canada

March 2023
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Overview:

Understand the latest market trends and future growth opportunities for the Retailing industry in Canada with research from Euromonitor International's team of in-country analysts – experts by industry and geographic specialisation.

Key trends are clearly and succinctly summarised alongside the most current research data available. Understand and assess competitive threats and plan corporate strategy with our qualitative analysis, insight and confident growth projections.

Data and analysis in this report provides further detailed coverage dedicated to the following key categories, where applicable:

  • Convenience Stores
  • Discounters
  • Hypermarkets
  • Supermarkets
  • Traditional Grocery Retailers
  • Apparel and Footwear Specialist Retailers
  • Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers
  • Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers
  • Home and Garden Specialist Retailers
  • Department Stores
  • Variety Stores
  • Warehouse Clubs
  • Direct Selling
  • Homeshopping
  • Vending

If you're in the Retailing industry in Canada, our research will help you to make informed, intelligent decisions; to recognise and profit from opportunity, or to offer resilience amidst market uncertainty.

The Retailing in Canada report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Detailed segmentation of international and local products
  • Historic volume and value sizes, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent research methodology, conducted in-country

This report answers:

  • What is the market size of Retailing in Canada?
  • Which are the leading retailers in Retailing in Canada?
  • How are products distributed in Retailing in Canada?
  • How is the rise of e-commerce and the expansion of modern grocery retail impacting traditional retail?
  • How significant are discounters and private label in Canada?
  • How has the impact of COVID-19 and national lockdown impacted consumer demand?
  • Which formats have benefited the most from stockpiling and enforced home seclusion?
  • How will the wider economic impact of COVID-19 shape the retail landscape in the future?
  • Where is future growth expected to be most dynamic?
Download Table of Contents

Retail in Canada

Retail in 2022: The big picture
Offline and online see similar rates of growth in 2022
COVID-19 set to have a lingering impact on retail
What next for retail?
Informal retail
Opening hours for physical retail
Summary 1 Standard Opening Hours by Channel Type 2022
Seasonality
Christmas
Back to School
Thanksgiving Day
Table 1 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2017-2022
Table 2 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 3 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 4 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 5 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 6 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 7 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 8 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 9 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 10 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 11 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 12 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 13 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 14 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 15 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 16 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 17 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 18 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 19 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 20 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 21 Retail GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 22 Retail GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 23 Retail Offline GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 24 Retail Offline GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 25 Retail Offline LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 26 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 27 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 28 Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 29 Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 30 Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 31 Non-Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 32 Non-Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 33 Non-Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 34 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2022-2027
Table 35 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 36 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 37 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 38 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 39 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 40 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 41 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 42 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 43 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 44 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 45 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 46 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 47 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 48 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 49 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 50 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 51 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 52 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 53 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027

DISCLAIMER

Summary 2 Research Sources

Convenience Retailers in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Higher food and energy prices affect consumer shopping habits while boosting private label sales
New technology adds an extra layer of convenience
Health and wellness trend influencing sales of snacks
Further expansion of delivery and drive-through formats could open the door to new opportunities for convenience retailers
Convenience retailers looking to expand into new areas including cannabis and alcohol
Growing snacking culture will remain an important sales driver
Table 54 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 55 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 56 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 57 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 58 Convenience Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 59 Convenience Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 60 Convenience Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 61 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 62 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 63 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 64 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Supermarkets in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Three major supermarket players under scrutiny over pricing strategy
T&T is growing its reach to Canadian shoppers across the country
Supermarkets facing strong competition from alternative channels
Supermarkets may struggle as food prices continue to rise
Loblaw looking to get ahead through investments in new store concepts and an omnichannel approach to retailing
Smaller stores likely to become more popular as consumers look for convenience
Table 65 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 66 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 67 Supermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 68 Supermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 69 Supermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 70 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 71 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Hypermarkets in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Omni-Channel is at the core of hypermarket strategies
Walmart Canada Opens a new store in Alberta for the first time since 2015
Hypermarkets putting an end to single-use plastic bags
Loblaw and DoorDash team up to roll out a new rapid delivery service
Walmart Canada started major investments in BC and Quebec and is expected to further expand in future
Loblaws launches new ‘grocerant’ concept in select Toronto stores
Table 72 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 73 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 74 Hypermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 75 Hypermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 76 Hypermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 77 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 78 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Discounters in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Discounters continue to grow as high inflation puts pressure on consumers
Food Basics brings back an old advertising campaign to attract shoppers back into its stores
Loblaws becomes the first retailer in Canada to voluntarily freeze prices
Difficult economy should benefit discounters
Private label thriving as incomes are squeezed
Empire focusing on expanding its network of discounters
Table 79 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 80 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 81 Discounters GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 82 Discounters GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 83 Discounters LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 84 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 85 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Small Local Grocers in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Support for local small grocers is still high but this does not necessarily translate into higher sales
Small local grocers hit by “shelflation” at the beginning of 2022
Small local grocers looking to modernise as competition grows
Small Local grocers are expected to see flat performance and even some contractions
Cannabis could help present new opportunities for small local grocers
One bright spot for small local grocers is the growing desire to support local businesses
Table 86 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 87 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 88 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 89 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

General Merchandise Stores in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Hudson’s Bay launches new Space NK ‘shop-in-shop’ locations
Variety stores are becoming increasingly relevant
Giant Tiger partners with Instacart to launch same-day delivery
Potential for growth at both ends of the price spectrum
Hudson's Bay to resurrect the Zellers discount department stores chain
Dollarama aims to open 2,000 outlets by 2031
Table 90 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 91 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 92 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 93 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 94 General Merchandise Stores GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 95 General Merchandise Stores GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 96 General Merchandise Stores LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 97 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 98 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 99 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 100 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Apparel and Footwear Specialists in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Apparel and footwear specialists continue to recover in 2022 but challenges remain
Apparel and footwear specialists see a growing threat from Canada’s thriving rental and second-hand markets
Some players return to the market as Canada recovers from the pandemic
Economic uncertainty casts a cloud over the recovery of apparel and footwear specialists
Sustainability likely to play an increasingly important role in future of fashion retailing in Canada
Direct-to-consumer sales offering new opportunities for fashion brands
Table 101 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 102 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 103 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 104 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 105 Apparel and Footwear Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 106 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 107 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Appliances and Electronics Specialists in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Store-based sales and e-commerce see similar growth in 2022 as consumer shopping behaviour stabilises
Best Buy Canada launches new small store format in 2022
Apple Canada launches innovative new store in Vancouver
Growing competition from omnichannel retailers such as Walmart and Costco
Supply chain issues could impact growth
More consolidation expected to be seen as independent operators struggle to keep up with changes in the market
Table 108 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 109 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 110 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 111 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 112 Appliances and Electronics Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 113 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 114 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Home Products Specialists in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Homewares and home furnishing stores sees healthy growth in 2022
Pet Valu announces acquisition of Chico, Québec's largest pet speciality franchisor
Canadian Tire opens two new large-format stores
Consumers likely to reign in their spending on home improvements and gardening as economic pressures mount
Competition from e-commerce likely to encourage players to improve their in-store offers and services
Unstable housing market a potential threat to growth
Table 115 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 116 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 117 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 118 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 119 Home Products Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 120 Home Products Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 121 Home Products Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 122 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 123 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 124 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 125 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Health and Beauty Specialists in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Sephora thriving as it opens its first outlet in one of Canada’s travel hubs
Loblaw acquires Lifemark as it looks to expand its offer of healthcare services
Consumers invest in their appearance as life returns to relative normality in 2022
Good potential for growth for Pharmacies as demography becomes older
LUSH Cosmetics to Launch Lush Spa Concept Locations in Canada
Health and personal care stores set to face growing threat from alternative channels
Table 126 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 127 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 128 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 129 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 130 Health and Beauty Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 131 Health and Beauty Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 132 Health and Beauty Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 133 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 134 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 135 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 136 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Vending in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Vending is recovering but still is far from pre-pandemic sales
The world's first "smart" cocktail vending machine comes to Vancouver
Vending has good potential for growth in some new product categories
Frictionless is the new normal for vending
Shoppers Drug Mart is exploring new opportunities in vending
Fresh food has been offered through vending machine for the first time
Table 137 Vending by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 138 Vending by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 139 Vending GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 140 Vending GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 141 Vending Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 142 Vending Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Direct Selling in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Direct selling loses its appeal as COVID-19 restrictions are lifted
Direct selling companies invest in digital services
DSA sets out four-point plan to support the growth and development of direct selling in Canada
Direct selling is expected to grow but not as fast as last two years
Consumer perception of direct selling has improved but still has good potential for improvement especially among older age groups
Wider concerns likely to influence the future of direct selling
Table 143 Direct Selling by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 144 Direct Selling by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 145 Direct Selling GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 146 Direct Selling GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 147 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 148 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Retail E-Commerce in Canada

KEY DATA FINDINGS

E-commerce sees slower growth in 2022 as people go back to in-store shopping
Instacart is helping retailers to expand their reach and improve their services
Curb side pick-up is here to stay
Social media is expected to play an important role in the success of e-commerce
Third-party marketplace e-commerce will be the new frontier for competition
Grocery e-commerce set to continue thriving
Table 149 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 150 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 151 Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 152 Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 153 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 154 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 155 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 156 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 157 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 158 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
The following categories and subcategories are included:

Retailing

      • Fashion Vending
      • Health and Beauty Vending
      • Appliances and Electronics Vending
        • Alcoholic Drinks Vending
        • Hot Drinks Vending
        • Soft Drinks Vending
        • Tobacco Products Vending
      • Foods Vending
      • Home Products Vending
      • Other Products Vending
        • Apparel and Footwear Direct Selling
        • Personal Accessories Direct Selling
        • Eyewear Direct Selling
        • Beauty and Personal Care Direct Selling
        • Consumer Health Direct Selling
        • Tissue and Hygiene Direct Selling
        • Consumer Appliances Direct Selling
        • Consumer Electronics Direct Selling
        • Toys and Games Direct Selling
      • Drinks and Tobacco Direct Selling
      • Foods Direct Selling
        • Home Care Direct Selling
        • Home and Garden Direct Selling
        • Pet Care Direct Selling
      • Other Products Direct Selling
        • Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce
        • Personal Accessories E-Commerce
        • Eyewear E-Commerce
        • Beauty and Personal Care E-Commerce
        • Consumer Health E-Commerce
        • Tissue and Hygiene E-Commerce
        • Consumer Appliances E-Commerce
        • Consumer Electronics E-Commerce
        • Toys and Games E-Commerce
      • Drinks and Tobacco E-Commerce
      • Foods E-Commerce
        • Home Care E-Commerce
        • Home and Garden E-Commerce
        • Pet Care E-Commerce
      • Other Products E-Commerce
        • First-Party (1P) Marketplace E-Commerce
        • Third-Party (3P) Marketplace E-Commerce
      • Grocery E-Commerce
      • General Merchandiser E-Commerce
      • Apparel and Footwear Specialist E-Commerce
      • Appliances and Electronics Specialist E-Commerce
      • Home Products Specialist E-Commerce
      • Health and Beauty Specialist E-Commerce
      • Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist E-Commerce
      • Other E-Commerce Retailers

Retailing

Retail is the sale of new and used goods to consumers from a business for personal or household consumption from retail outlets, kiosks, market stalls, vending, direct selling and e-commerce. Retail is the aggregation of Retail Offline and Retail E-Commerce. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts. Also excludes fuel sales, foodservice sales, rental transactions, and wholesale sales (e.g. Cash and Carry). Sales value excluding or including VAT/Sales Tax. Retail also excludes the informal retail sector. Informal retailing is retail trade which is not declared to the tax authorities. Informal retailing encompasses (a) sales generated by unregistered and unlicensed retailers, i.e. retailers operating illegally, and (b) any proportion of sales generated by a registered and licensed retailer that is not declared to the tax authorities. Unregistered and unlicensed retailers operate predominantly (although not exclusively) as street hawkers or operate open market stalls, as these channels are harder for the authorities to monitor than permanent outlets. Activities in the illegal market, which is usually understood to refer to trade in illegal, counterfeit or stolen merchandise, are included within our definition of informal retailing. Activities in the “grey market”, which is usually understood to refer to trade in legal merchandise that is sold through unauthorized channels – for example cigarettes bought legally in another country, legally imported, but sold at lower prices than in authorized channels – will be included as informal retailing if no tax is paid on sale by the retailer. However if the retailer pays tax – for example on cigarettes bought legally in another country but sold at a lower price than standard – the sale is included within formal retail.

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