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Retail in Morocco

March 2023
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Overview:

Understand the latest market trends and future growth opportunities for the Retailing industry in Morocco with research from Euromonitor International's team of in-country analysts – experts by industry and geographic specialisation.

Key trends are clearly and succinctly summarised alongside the most current research data available. Understand and assess competitive threats and plan corporate strategy with our qualitative analysis, insight and confident growth projections.

Data and analysis in this report provides further detailed coverage dedicated to the following key categories, where applicable:

  • Convenience Stores
  • Discounters
  • Hypermarkets
  • Supermarkets
  • Traditional Grocery Retailers
  • Apparel and Footwear Specialist Retailers
  • Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers
  • Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers
  • Home and Garden Specialist Retailers
  • Department Stores
  • Variety Stores
  • Warehouse Clubs
  • Direct Selling
  • Homeshopping
  • Vending

If you're in the Retailing industry in Morocco, our research will help you to make informed, intelligent decisions; to recognise and profit from opportunity, or to offer resilience amidst market uncertainty.

The Retailing in Morocco report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Detailed segmentation of international and local products
  • Historic volume and value sizes, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent research methodology, conducted in-country

This report answers:

  • What is the market size of Retailing in Morocco?
  • Which are the leading retailers in Retailing in Morocco?
  • How are products distributed in Retailing in Morocco?
  • How is the rise of e-commerce and the expansion of modern grocery retail impacting traditional retail?
  • How significant are discounters and private label in Morocco?
  • How has the impact of COVID-19 and national lockdown impacted consumer demand?
  • Which formats have benefited the most from stockpiling and enforced home seclusion?
  • How will the wider economic impact of COVID-19 shape the retail landscape in the future?
  • Where is future growth expected to be most dynamic?
Download Table of Contents

Retail in Morocco

Retail in 2022: The big picture
Local sourcing becomes a competitive tool
Retail e-commerce remains the fastest growing channel
What next for retail?
Informal retail
Opening hours for physical retail
Summary 1 Standard Opening Hours by Channel Type 2022
Seasonality
Black Friday
Chaabane
Eid kbir
Back to School
Table 1 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2017-2022
Table 2 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 3 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 4 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 5 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 6 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 7 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 8 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 9 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 10 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 11 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 12 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 13 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 14 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 15 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 16 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 17 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 18 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 19 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 20 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 21 Retail GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 22 Retail GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 23 Retail Offline GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 24 Retail Offline GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 25 Retail Offline LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 26 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 27 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 28 Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 29 Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 30 Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 31 Non-Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 32 Non-Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 33 Non-Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 34 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2022-2027
Table 35 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 36 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 37 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 38 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 39 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 40 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 41 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 42 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 43 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 44 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 45 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 46 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 47 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 48 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 49 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 50 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 51 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 52 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 53 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027

DISCLAIMER

Summary 2 Research Sources

Convenience Retailers in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Convenience stores threatened by traditional outlets
Label'Vie SA bets on Carrefour Express to improve its penetration
Competition remains consolidated in forecourt retailers
Chained outlets continue to close the gap in convenience stores
Government support for traditional retailers intensifies the competitive landscape
Forecourt retailers benefits from infrastructure development
Table 54 Convenience Retail: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 55 Convenience Retail: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 56 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 57 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 58 Convenience Retail GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 59 Convenience Retail GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 60 Convenience Retail LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 61 Convenience Retail Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 62 Convenience Retail Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 63 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 64 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Supermarkets in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Urbanisation boosts demand for supermarkets in 2022
Label’Vie continues its expansion across the region
U Express slows down its expansion plans
Rising urbanisation continues boosting channel sales
Premiumisation and digitalisation reshape competitiveness
While small local grocers convert to supermarkets, the expansion of discounters remains a threat to supermarkets
Table 65 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 66 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 67 Supermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 68 Supermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 69 Supermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 70 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 71 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Hypermarkets in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Hypermarkets grows to become a one-stop shop
Marjane maintains leadership while Label'Vie SA endeavours to narrow the gap through aggressive expansion strategy
Label’Vie introduces Bringo, an on-demand delivery service
The hypermarkets category benefits from shopping centre expansion
Sustainability remains a key differentiating tool for industry players
Digitalisation reshapes the competitive landscape
Table 72 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 73 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 74 Hypermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 75 Hypermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 76 Hypermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 77 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 78 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Discounters in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Economic constraints boost demand for discounters
BIM retains strong leadership in 2022
Label’Vie steers competition in the discounter model
Discounters characterises modern grocery formats over the forecast period
BIM retains the lead despite challenges
Digitalisation continues transforming the discounters format
Table 79 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 80 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 81 Discounters GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 82 Discounters GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 83 Discounters LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 84 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 85 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Small Local Grocers in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Small local grocers retains the lead in 2022 despite the growing popularity of modern grocery retailers among affluent consumers
Government steps in to support small businesses, while more Fintech companies reshape the competitive landscape
Multiple initiatives encourage small local grocers to accept payment cards and other alternatives to cash
Small scale retailers continue to characterise the category over the forecast period
Digitalisation continues transforming operations
Government support continues to aid the category over the forecast period
Table 86 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 87 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 88 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 89 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

General Merchandise Stores in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Variety stores attract price-sensitive shoppers
Alpha 55 retains the lead through store openings and an omnichannel approach
Department stores threatened by retail e-commerce, particularly online marketplaces as well as hypermarkets
Variety stores drives category recovery over the forecast period
Department stores benefits from store openings and the return of tourism although the category continues facing intensified competition
Category players increasingly adopt digitalisation in order to remain relevant and to continue their expansion
Table 90 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 91 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 92 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 93 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 94 General Merchandise Stores GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 95 General Merchandise Stores GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 96 General Merchandise Stores LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 97 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 98 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 99 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 100 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Apparel and Footwear Specialists in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The lifting of COVID-19 restrictions supports recovery of apparel and footwear
Young Moroccans demonstrate growing interest in second-hand clothing
The category remains highly fragmented, led by Defacto and LC Waikiki
Recovery supported by improved economic conditions
Apparel and footwear remains a fragmented category over the forecast period
Omnichannel players become an industry standard in the category
Table 101 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 102 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 103 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 104 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 105 Apparel and Footwear Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 106 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 107 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Appliances and Electronics Specialists in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Appliances and electronics specialists subject to rising prices
Industry players face intensified competition from other channels
Comptoir Métallurgique Marocain retains the lead while Cosmos Electro SA comes under pressure
Short-term price rises anticipated in the early years of the forecast period
Store expansion focuses on proximity to households
Proximity and convenience are expected to drive competitiveness within the category. For instance, in 2022, Biougnach Electro announced that by 2025 it plans to be located 30km from 85% of the Moroccan population. Along the same lines, Electroplanet plans to add five additional outlets annually. Although such an initiative will mainly affect the performance of independent traders, which have fewer financial resources and are directly more exposed to difficult economic conditions, the category is nevertheless expected to remain fragmented.
Digitalisation remains a key differentiator among industry players
Table 108 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 109 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 110 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 111 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 112 Appliances and Electronics Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 113 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 114 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Home Products Specialists in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

“Made in Maroc” on the rise, as supply chain constraints persist
Kitea retains the lead in home products specialists
Mobilia exits Morocco after court decree creates greater scope for IKEA and Istikbal
Local sourcing remains important as industry players seek to differentiate from the competition
More room for chained stores expansion due to changing lifestyles and consumer shopping habits
Higher growth prospects for pet shops and superstores over the forecast period
Table 115 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 116 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 117 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 118 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 119 Home Products Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 120 Home Products Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 121 Home Products Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 122 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 123 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 124 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 125 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Health and Beauty Specialists in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The lifting of COVID-19 restrictions boosts demand for health and beauty specialists
Pharmacies call for better regulation in supplements
The government takes action to eliminate non-qualifying optical goods stores and “fake specialists”
New regulations boost pharmacies’ sales over the forecast period
Demand for bio-cosmetics boosts sales of beauty specialists, while expansion of local production propels exports
Retail e-commerce continues growing as health and personal care stores expand their online offerings
Table 126 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 127 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 128 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 129 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 130 Health and Beauty Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 131 Health and Beauty Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 132 Health and Beauty Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 133 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 134 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 135 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 136 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Vending in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Vending struggles to recover from the pandemic in 2022
Drinks and tobacco vending continues to characterise vending in 2022
Coffee Bike remains a threat to vending sales
Vending offers growth opportunities over the forecast period thanks to its low base
Diversification required if demand is to rise for vending sales
Cashless vending continues to be adopted in Morocco
Table 137 Vending by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 138 Vending by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 139 Vending GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 140 Vending GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 141 Vending Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 142 Vending Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Direct Selling in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Direct selling benefits from the resumption of society although the rising cost of living dampens sales growth
Oriflame, Avon and Forever Living lead the category with the latter focusing on the popularity of functional ingredients since the pandemic
Direct sellers blur lines with retail e-commerce remaining relevant while the category suffers from the growing number of non-grocery and grocery retailers
Return to normality boosts demand for beauty products and health and wellness products, with the latter a hangover from the pandemic
Global companies retain their dominance with a growing sales base comprised of consumers in smaller urban centres less well served by physical stores
Digitalisation continues transforming business models and becomes the norm over the forecast period
Table 143 Direct Selling by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 144 Direct Selling by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 145 Direct Selling GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 146 Direct Selling GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 147 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 148 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Retail E-Commerce in Morocco

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Morocco imposes a new regulation on cross-border retail e-commerce
Jumia retains the outright lead in retail e-commerce in 2022
On-demand grocery delivery on the rise
Retail e-commerce continues to achieve high growth over the forecast period as government agencies work to create a regulatory framework
Jumia faces intensified competition over the forecast period
Small local grocers remains a threat to the expansion of foods e-commerce
Table 149 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 150 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 151 Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 152 Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 153 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 154 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 155 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 156 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 157 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 158 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
The following categories and subcategories are included:

Retailing

      • Fashion Vending
      • Health and Beauty Vending
      • Appliances and Electronics Vending
        • Alcoholic Drinks Vending
        • Hot Drinks Vending
        • Soft Drinks Vending
        • Tobacco Products Vending
      • Foods Vending
      • Home Products Vending
      • Other Products Vending
        • Apparel and Footwear Direct Selling
        • Personal Accessories Direct Selling
        • Eyewear Direct Selling
        • Beauty and Personal Care Direct Selling
        • Consumer Health Direct Selling
        • Tissue and Hygiene Direct Selling
        • Consumer Appliances Direct Selling
        • Consumer Electronics Direct Selling
        • Toys and Games Direct Selling
      • Drinks and Tobacco Direct Selling
      • Foods Direct Selling
        • Home Care Direct Selling
        • Home and Garden Direct Selling
        • Pet Care Direct Selling
      • Other Products Direct Selling
        • Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce
        • Personal Accessories E-Commerce
        • Eyewear E-Commerce
        • Beauty and Personal Care E-Commerce
        • Consumer Health E-Commerce
        • Tissue and Hygiene E-Commerce
        • Consumer Appliances E-Commerce
        • Consumer Electronics E-Commerce
        • Toys and Games E-Commerce
      • Drinks and Tobacco E-Commerce
      • Foods E-Commerce
        • Home Care E-Commerce
        • Home and Garden E-Commerce
        • Pet Care E-Commerce
      • Other Products E-Commerce
        • First-Party (1P) Marketplace E-Commerce
        • Third-Party (3P) Marketplace E-Commerce
      • Grocery E-Commerce
      • General Merchandiser E-Commerce
      • Apparel and Footwear Specialist E-Commerce
      • Appliances and Electronics Specialist E-Commerce
      • Home Products Specialist E-Commerce
      • Health and Beauty Specialist E-Commerce
      • Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist E-Commerce
      • Other E-Commerce Retailers

Retailing

Retail is the sale of new and used goods to consumers from a business for personal or household consumption from retail outlets, kiosks, market stalls, vending, direct selling and e-commerce. Retail is the aggregation of Retail Offline and Retail E-Commerce. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts. Also excludes fuel sales, foodservice sales, rental transactions, and wholesale sales (e.g. Cash and Carry). Sales value excluding or including VAT/Sales Tax. Retail also excludes the informal retail sector. Informal retailing is retail trade which is not declared to the tax authorities. Informal retailing encompasses (a) sales generated by unregistered and unlicensed retailers, i.e. retailers operating illegally, and (b) any proportion of sales generated by a registered and licensed retailer that is not declared to the tax authorities. Unregistered and unlicensed retailers operate predominantly (although not exclusively) as street hawkers or operate open market stalls, as these channels are harder for the authorities to monitor than permanent outlets. Activities in the illegal market, which is usually understood to refer to trade in illegal, counterfeit or stolen merchandise, are included within our definition of informal retailing. Activities in the “grey market”, which is usually understood to refer to trade in legal merchandise that is sold through unauthorized channels – for example cigarettes bought legally in another country, legally imported, but sold at lower prices than in authorized channels – will be included as informal retailing if no tax is paid on sale by the retailer. However if the retailer pays tax – for example on cigarettes bought legally in another country but sold at a lower price than standard – the sale is included within formal retail.

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