Retail in Colombia

March 2023
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Overview:

Understand the latest market trends and future growth opportunities for the Retailing industry in Colombia with research from Euromonitor International's team of in-country analysts – experts by industry and geographic specialisation.

Key trends are clearly and succinctly summarised alongside the most current research data available. Understand and assess competitive threats and plan corporate strategy with our qualitative analysis, insight and confident growth projections.

Data and analysis in this report provides further detailed coverage dedicated to the following key categories, where applicable:

  • Convenience Stores
  • Discounters
  • Hypermarkets
  • Supermarkets
  • Traditional Grocery Retailers
  • Apparel and Footwear Specialist Retailers
  • Electronics and Appliance Specialist Retailers
  • Health and Beauty Specialist Retailers
  • Home and Garden Specialist Retailers
  • Department Stores
  • Variety Stores
  • Warehouse Clubs
  • Direct Selling
  • Homeshopping
  • Vending

If you're in the Retailing industry in Colombia, our research will help you to make informed, intelligent decisions; to recognise and profit from opportunity, or to offer resilience amidst market uncertainty.

The Retailing in Colombia report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends
  • Detailed segmentation of international and local products
  • Historic volume and value sizes, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent research methodology, conducted in-country

This report answers:

  • What is the market size of Retailing in Colombia?
  • Which are the leading retailers in Retailing in Colombia?
  • How are products distributed in Retailing in Colombia?
  • How is the rise of e-commerce and the expansion of modern grocery retail impacting traditional retail?
  • How significant are discounters and private label in Colombia?
  • How has the impact of COVID-19 and national lockdown impacted consumer demand?
  • Which formats have benefited the most from stockpiling and enforced home seclusion?
  • How will the wider economic impact of COVID-19 shape the retail landscape in the future?
  • Where is future growth expected to be most dynamic?
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Retail in Colombia

Retail in 2022: The big picture
Industry focus on the development and growth of the omnichannel experience
Repositioning of retail competitors
What next for retail?
Informal retail
Opening hours for physical retail
Summary 1 Standard Opening Hours by Channel Type 2022
Seasonality
Back to School
Severance Savings
Valentine’s Day
Women’s Day
Holy Week
Mother’s Day
Father’s Day
Holiday
Primas Payment (extra-legal salary)
Love and Friendship Day
Halloween
Black Friday
Cyber Monday
Christmas and New Year
Table 1 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2017-2022
Table 2 Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 3 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 4 Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 5 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 6 Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 7 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 8 Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 9 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 10 Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 11 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 12 Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 13 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 14 Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 15 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 16 Non-Grocery Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 17 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 18 Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 19 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2017-2022
Table 20 Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2017-2022
Table 21 Retail GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 22 Retail GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 23 Retail Offline GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 24 Retail Offline GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 25 Retail Offline LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 26 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 27 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 28 Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 29 Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 30 Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 31 Non-Grocery Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 32 Non-Grocery Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 33 Non-Grocery Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 34 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: Value 2022-2027
Table 35 Forecast Sales in Retail by Retail Offline vs Retail E-Commerce: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 36 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 37 Forecast Sales in Retail Offline by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 38 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 39 Forecast Retail Offline Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 40 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 41 Forecast Sales in Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 42 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 43 Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 44 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 45 Forecast Sales in Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 46 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 47 Forecast Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027
Table 48 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 49 Non-Grocery Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 50 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 51 Forecast Sales in Non-Grocery Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 52 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: Units 2022-2027
Table 53 Forecast Non-Grocery Retailers Outlets by Channel: % Unit Growth 2022-2027

DISCLAIMER

Summary 2 Research Sources

Convenience Retailers in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Convenience stores emerges as a strategic channel for delivery services
OXXO drives the category
Expansion plans for forecourt retailer chains remain up in the air
Revitalisation of the prepared food offer
Convenience stores remain attractive tools for the development of logistics
Convenience stores to continue to develop healthier and more sustainable offers
Table 54 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 55 Convenience Retailers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 56 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 57 Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 58 Convenience Retailers GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 59 Convenience Retailers GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 60 Convenience Retailers LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 61 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 62 Convenience Retailers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 63 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 64 Forecast Sales in Convenience Retailers by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Supermarkets in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

New smaller formats are more profitable than the classic supermarket model
The regional supermarket is another format that has been growing in the country
Omnichannel is a new arena of competition among different brands
Sustainability and the circular economy feature among the commitments of supermarkets, especially ones pushing a concept
The Dunnhumby-Grupo Éxito collaboration seeks to foster move from data management for market research to advertising at the point of sale, according to the shopper’s path of purchase.
Food is the big bet of supermarkets
Table 65 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 66 Supermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 67 Supermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 68 Supermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 69 Supermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 70 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 71 Supermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Hypermarkets in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Hypermarkets try to make the selling spaces of large stores more efficient
Jumbo hypermarkets create selling space for Easy in order to attract more traffic
La 14 hypermarkets taken over by supermarket brands
Entry of the “metaverse” in retail
Customer data the new “gold” for companies
The omnichannel strategy offers efficiency and discourages investment in large physical spaces
Table 72 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 73 Hypermarkets: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 74 Hypermarkets GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 75 Hypermarkets GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 76 Hypermarkets LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 77 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 78 Hypermarkets Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Discounters in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The closure of Justo & Bueno creates opportunities for players in the category to grow
D1’s strong outlet presence, product offer and pricing strategy consolidate its leadership of discounters
Ara and other discounters benefit from strong expansion plans
The owners of Olímpica to open a hard discounter brand under Isímo
Discounters widen offer to fresh produce to encroach on supermarkets and small local grocers
Discounters use omnichannel approach to keep pace with retail developments
Table 79 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 80 Discounters: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 81 Discounters GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 82 Discounters GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 83 Discounters LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 84 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 85 Discounters Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Small Local Grocers in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Price increases exert pressure on small local grocers
Small local grocers leverage flexibility to cope with a period of crisis amid changing consumer habits
Small local grocers diversify their selections to broaden their appeal
The small local grocer is a generator of employment in low socioeconomic communities, especially among women
Small local grocers offer credit to the most vulnerable populations
Development of payment methods to widen the scope of small local grocers
Table 86 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 87 Small Local Grocers: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 88 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 89 Small Local Grocers Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

General Merchandise Stores in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Strong expansion and sales growth for variety stores
More modern, higher-end variety stores find the going tougher
Dollarcity offers varied assortments at highly competitive prices
Emerging players to generate growth opportunities
More variety stores expected to look to digital tools and platforms
Plans to develop Falabella via digitalisation
Table 90 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 91 General Merchandise Stores: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 92 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 93 Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 94 General Merchandise Stores GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 95 General Merchandise Stores GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 96 General Merchandise Stores LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 97 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 98 General Merchandise Stores Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 99 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 100 Forecast Sales in General Merchandise Stores by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Apparel and Footwear Specialists in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The digitalisation of sales intensifies the need to improve the customer experience
Fashion revolves around more comfortable and sports-inspired apparel and footwear
The physical store increases focus on brand experience
Sustainable fashion is set to become the key trend in apparel
Apparel in Colombia takes its first steps in the NFT space
International supply problems to engender a new logistics approach
Table 101 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 102 Apparel and Footwear Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 103 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 104 Apparel and Footwear Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 105 Apparel and Footwear Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 106 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 107 Apparel and Footwear Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Appliances and Electronics Specialists in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

The government removes the popular offer of non-VAT days
Inflation underpins strong retail value growth, but purchase intent slows
FIFA World Cup sales push is limited in 2022
Specialist retailers bet on online tools and spaces
Cyber Monday set to become the key day for online purchases of consumer appliances and electronics
Smart and small electronics to remain in high demand
Table 108 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 109 Appliances and Electronics Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 110 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 111 Appliances and Electronics Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 112 Appliances and Electronics Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 113 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 114 Appliances and Electronics Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027

Home Products Specialists in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Specialist and non-specialist retailers tap into the high growth potential in pet care
Strong expansion of smaller format Jumbo stores creates space for Easy units
Last-mile delivery platforms foster greater shift towards e-commerce, especially for big-ticket items
IKEA is set to open its first store in Colombia in April 2023
Retailers to focus more on a growing younger consumer base
Wider product portfolios to tap into growing interest in the home environment
Table 115 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 116 Home Products Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 117 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 118 Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 119 Home Products Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 120 Home Products Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 121 Home Products Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 122 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 123 Home Products Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 124 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 125 Forecast Sales in Home Products Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Health and Beauty Specialists in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Explosion of the in-store and virtual offers of beauty stores
Large health retail brands expand in Colombia
Shortage of specific medicines is an issue that concerns consumers and the authorities
Subscription strategy offers a major growth avenue
Drogas La Rebaja enters domain forfeiture
Health and wellbeing trend offers significant opportunities for health and beauty specialists
Table 126 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2017-2022
Table 127 Health and Beauty Specialists: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2017-2022
Table 128 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 129 Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 130 Health and Beauty Specialists GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 131 Health and Beauty Specialists GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 132 Health and Beauty Specialists LBN Brand Shares: Outlets 2019-2022
Table 133 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space 2022-2027
Table 134 Health and Beauty Specialists Forecasts: Value Sales, Outlets and Selling Space: % Growth 2022-2027
Table 135 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 136 Forecast Sales in Health and Beauty Specialists by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Vending in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Development of forms of biometric recognition
The diversification of payment forms as part of a “frictionless shopping experience”
Development of new offers in vending
Vending is expected to develop via technological advances
Vending machines attract the attention of advertisers
Players to continue to diversify the offer
Table 137 Vending by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 138 Vending by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 139 Vending GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 140 Vending GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 141 Vending Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 142 Vending Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Direct Selling in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

Colombia is one of the main markets for direct selling
Direct selling characteristics fit with the work preferences of young adults
Direct selling players focus on beauty and personal care and apparel
Direct selling set to embrace digital tools and sales platforms
Physical stores to act as a showcase strategy for players
Challenges lie ahead in a difficult economic climate
Table 143 Direct Selling by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 144 Direct Selling by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 145 Direct Selling GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 146 Direct Selling GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 147 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 148 Direct Selling Forecasts by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027

Retail E-Commerce in Colombia

KEY DATA FINDINGS

E-commerce sees further development and growth in Colombia in 2022
E-commerce’s development continues to lie alongside processes like digital security, banking and the digitalisation of the Colombian population
Online sales and social commerce strengthen informal retailing
Consumers to continue to be more comfortable and confident shopping online
Marketplaces expected to become a “must-have” platform in the new e-commerce era
Fintech companies to foster higher penetration of e-commerce
Table 149 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2017-2022
Table 150 Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 151 Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2017-2022
Table 152 Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2017-2022
Table 153 Retail E-Commerce GBO Company Shares: % Value 2018-2022
Table 154 Retail E-Commerce GBN Brand Shares: % Value 2019-2022
Table 155 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: Value 2022-2027
Table 156 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Channel: % Value Growth 2022-2027
Table 157 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: Value 2022-2027
Table 158 Forecast Retail E-Commerce by Product: % Value Growth 2022-2027
The following categories and subcategories are included:

Retailing

      • Fashion Vending
      • Health and Beauty Vending
      • Appliances and Electronics Vending
        • Alcoholic Drinks Vending
        • Hot Drinks Vending
        • Soft Drinks Vending
        • Tobacco Products Vending
      • Foods Vending
      • Home Products Vending
      • Other Products Vending
        • Apparel and Footwear Direct Selling
        • Personal Accessories Direct Selling
        • Eyewear Direct Selling
        • Beauty and Personal Care Direct Selling
        • Consumer Health Direct Selling
        • Tissue and Hygiene Direct Selling
        • Consumer Appliances Direct Selling
        • Consumer Electronics Direct Selling
        • Toys and Games Direct Selling
      • Drinks and Tobacco Direct Selling
      • Foods Direct Selling
        • Home Care Direct Selling
        • Home and Garden Direct Selling
        • Pet Care Direct Selling
      • Other Products Direct Selling
        • Apparel and Footwear E-Commerce
        • Personal Accessories E-Commerce
        • Eyewear E-Commerce
        • Beauty and Personal Care E-Commerce
        • Consumer Health E-Commerce
        • Tissue and Hygiene E-Commerce
        • Consumer Appliances E-Commerce
        • Consumer Electronics E-Commerce
        • Toys and Games E-Commerce
      • Drinks and Tobacco E-Commerce
      • Foods E-Commerce
        • Home Care E-Commerce
        • Home and Garden E-Commerce
        • Pet Care E-Commerce
      • Other Products E-Commerce
        • First-Party (1P) Marketplace E-Commerce
        • Third-Party (3P) Marketplace E-Commerce
      • Grocery E-Commerce
      • General Merchandiser E-Commerce
      • Apparel and Footwear Specialist E-Commerce
      • Appliances and Electronics Specialist E-Commerce
      • Home Products Specialist E-Commerce
      • Health and Beauty Specialist E-Commerce
      • Leisure and Personal Goods Specialist E-Commerce
      • Other E-Commerce Retailers

Retailing

Retail is the sale of new and used goods to consumers from a business for personal or household consumption from retail outlets, kiosks, market stalls, vending, direct selling and e-commerce. Retail is the aggregation of Retail Offline and Retail E-Commerce. Excludes specialist retailers of motor vehicles, motorcycles, vehicle parts. Also excludes fuel sales, foodservice sales, rental transactions, and wholesale sales (e.g. Cash and Carry). Sales value excluding or including VAT/Sales Tax. Retail also excludes the informal retail sector. Informal retailing is retail trade which is not declared to the tax authorities. Informal retailing encompasses (a) sales generated by unregistered and unlicensed retailers, i.e. retailers operating illegally, and (b) any proportion of sales generated by a registered and licensed retailer that is not declared to the tax authorities. Unregistered and unlicensed retailers operate predominantly (although not exclusively) as street hawkers or operate open market stalls, as these channels are harder for the authorities to monitor than permanent outlets. Activities in the illegal market, which is usually understood to refer to trade in illegal, counterfeit or stolen merchandise, are included within our definition of informal retailing. Activities in the “grey market”, which is usually understood to refer to trade in legal merchandise that is sold through unauthorized channels – for example cigarettes bought legally in another country, legally imported, but sold at lower prices than in authorized channels – will be included as informal retailing if no tax is paid on sale by the retailer. However if the retailer pays tax – for example on cigarettes bought legally in another country but sold at a lower price than standard – the sale is included within formal retail.

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