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Country Report

Financial Cards and Payments in China

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial cards in circulation growth declines in 2012

Financial cards in circulation growth rates are declining in 2012. Due to the economic slowdown and soaring inflation over the review period, banks in China have shifted their focus from acquiring new customers to customer retention and profitability. Bank card transactions are increasing strongly in both volume and value terms thanks to the further penetration of credit cards and debit cards in China. As a result of growing acceptance amongst domestic customers, the overall bank card transaction value share of credit cards continues to rise.

Credit cards in China at greater risk of non-performing loans

Credit card transactions continued to record robust double-digit volume and value growth in 2012, with the area outperforming the overall financial cards area. Due to the rapid expansion of credit cards over the review period, there has been an increase in the number of non-performing loans – a development which threatens credit card issuers. As more consumers opt to pay with credit cards, the rate of overdraft misuse and defaulted bills is also increasing. In response, Banks in China are increasingly looking to adjust their credit card portfolios and are paying more attention to customer quality and profitability.

Intensifying competition between international and domestic banks

With relatively small consumer bases in China, international banks registered a stellar performance in 2012 despite the continuing dominance of domestic banks within financial cards. By mainly targeting high-end customers, international banks are focusing on providing premium personal service and on offering banking products with higher profit margins. Furthermore, in order to offer a convenient banking service to these high-end customers, foreign banks are investing in adding more ATM machines, particularly in major cities which receive large numbers of foreign visitors.

Government strengthens regulation of third party payments in 2012

Thanks to the growing popularity of internet retailing over the review period, third party payment operators recorded vigorous growth in China. During the review period, the central government deepened its involvement and strengthened regulation of third party payments in order to ensure sustainable growth. By the end of August 2012, the People’s Bank of China had issued 101 licenses to rectify the fast developing online-payment and mobile payment markets. In addition to leading players like AliPay, local pre-paid issuers such as Beijing Municipal Administration & Communications Card have also secured licenses. As a result, competition within financial cards is intensifying in China.

Upbeat outlook for financial cards and transactions for forecast period

With the replacement of existing magnet stripe cards by smart cards to be completed before 2015, financial card transactions will become even more secure. In addition, companies will continue to upgrade their ATM terminals and the third party payment system will continue to expand. Rising disposable incomes and the central government’s policy of boosting domestic consumption are also expected to underpin strong domestic consumption growth and will help fuel healthy transaction value growth within financial cards. Meanwhile, the number of cards in circulation is projected to increase steadily over the forecast period due to rising demand for plastic money for both convenience and security purposes.

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Overview

Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Financial Cards and Payments industry in China with research from Euromonitor's team of in-country analysts.

Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections.

If you're in the Financial Cards and Payments industry in China, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions.

The Financial Cards and Payments in China market research report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends  
  • Historic volumes and values, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country

Our market research reports answer questions such as:

  • What is the market size of Financial Cards and Payments in China?
  • What are the major operators and issuers in China?
  • How will regulation impact the market?  
  • What is the current state of emerging payment technologies such as mobile commerce?

Why buy this report?

  • Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders
  • Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats
  • Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions

Euromonitor’s industry reports, including Financial Cards and Payments in China, originate from our database within our Consumer Finance market share and market size database, Passport, a platform which analyses Consumer Finance in 46 countries and globally.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Industry Overview

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Financial cards in circulation growth declines in 2012

Credit cards in China at greater risk of non-performing loans

Intensifying competition between international and domestic banks

Government strengthens regulation of third party payments in 2012

Upbeat outlook for financial cards and transactions for forecast period

KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Accelerating urbanisation contributes to steady financial card growth

Changing mind-sets and consumer habits also fuel vigorous growth

Strengthened regulation of third party payments fuels market restructuring

Commercial credit cards continue dynamic growth

Enhanced security for transactions and banking services

MARKET INDICATORS

  • Table 1 Number of POS Terminals 2007-2012
  • Table 2 Number of ATMs 2007-2012
  • Table 3 Value Lost to Fraud 2007-2012
  • Table 4 Card Expenditure by Location 2012
  • Table 5 Card Expenditure by Category 2012
  • Table 6 Financial Cards in Circulation by Type: % Number of Cards 2007-2012
  • Table 7 Domestic versus Foreign Spend 2012

MARKET DATA

  • Table 8 Consumer Payments: Value 2007-2012
  • Table 9 Consumer Payments: Number of Transactions 2007-2012
  • Table 10 Financial Cards: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 11 Financial Cards Transactions: Value 2007-2012
  • Table 12 Financial Cards: Number of Transactions 2007-2012
  • Table 13 Financial Cards: Number of Accounts 2007-2012
  • Table 14 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 15 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 16 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 17 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 18 Consumer Payments Forecast: Value 2012-2017
  • Table 19 Consumer Payments Forecast: Number of Transactions 2012-2017
  • Table 20 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 21 Financial Cards Forecast: Value 2012-2017
  • Table 22 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Transactions 2012-2017
  • Table 23 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Accounts 2012-2017

SOURCES

  • Summary 1 Research Sources

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Company Profiles

Agricultural Bank of China Ltd in Financial Cards and Payments (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

  • Summary 2 Agricultural Bank of China Ltd: Key Facts
  • Summary 3 Agricultural Bank of China Ltd: Operational Indicators

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 4 Agricultural Bank of China Ltd: Competitive Position 2011

Bank of Communications Ltd in Financial Cards and Payments (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

  • Summary 5 Bank of Communications Ltd: Key Facts
  • Summary 6 Bank of Communications Ltd: Operational Indicators

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 7 Bank of Communications Ltd: Competitive Position 2011

China Construction Bank Corp in Financial Cards and Payments (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

  • Summary 8 China Construction Bank Corp: Key Facts
  • Summary 9 China Construction Bank Corp: Operational Indicators

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 10 China Construction Bank Corp: Competitive Position 2011

Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd in Financial Cards and Payments (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

  • Summary 11 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd: Key Facts
  • Summary 12 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd: Operational Indicators

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 13 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd: Competitive Position 2011

ATM Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

PROSPECTS

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 24 ATM Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 25 ATM Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 26 ATM Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 27 ATM Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 28 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 29 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 30 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 31 ATM Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017

Credit Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

PROSPECTS

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 32 Credit Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 33 Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 34 Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 35 Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 36 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 37 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 38 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 39 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 40 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 41 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 42 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 43 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 44 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 45 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 46 Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 47 Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 48 Commercial Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 49 Commercial Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 50 Commercial Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 51 Commercial Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 52 Personal Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 53 Personal Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 54 Personal Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 55 Personal Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 56 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 57 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 58 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 59 Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 60 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 61 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 62 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 63 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 64 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 65 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 66 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 67 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017

Debit Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

PROSPECTS

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 68 Debit Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 69 Debit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 70 Debit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 71 Debit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 72 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 73 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 74 Debit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 75 Debit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 76 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 77 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 78 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 79 Debit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017

Pre-Paid Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

PROSPECTS

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 80 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 81 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2007-2012
  • Table 82 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 83 Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 84 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: 2007-2012
  • Table 85 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2007-2012
  • Table 86 Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 87 Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 88 Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 89 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 90 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 91 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Issuer 2007-2011
  • Table 92 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2007-2011
  • Table 93 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 94 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2012-2017
  • Table 95 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 96 Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 97 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2012-2017
  • Table 98 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017
  • Table 99 Open Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2012-2017

Segmentation

Segmentation

This market research report includes the following:

  • Financial Cards and Payments
    • Financial Cards in Circulation
      • ATM Function
      • Charge Card Function
        • Commercial Charge Cards
        • Personal Charge Cards
      • Credit Function
        • Commercial Credit Cards
        • Personal Credit Cards
      • Debit Function
      • Pre-Paid Function
        • Closed Loop Pre-Paid Function
        • Open Loop Pre-Paid Function
      • Store Cards
    • Transactions
      • Total Cards Transactions
        • ATM Transactions
        • Card Payment Transactions
          • Charge Card Transactions
            • Commercial Charge Card Transactions
            • Personal Charge Card Transactions
          • Credit Card Transactions
            • Commercial Credit Card Transactions
            • Personal Credit Card Transactions
          • Debit Transactions
          • Pre-Paid Card Transactions
            • Closed Loop Pre-Paid Card Transactions
            • Open Loop Pre-Paid Card Transactions
          • Store Card Transactions
      • Consumer Payment Transactions
        • Card Payment Transactions (Excl Commercial)
        • Electronic Direct/ACH Transactions
        • Paper Payment Transactions
          • Cash Transactions
          • Other Paper Payment Types

Statistics Included

Statistics Included

For each category and subcategory you will receive the following data in Excel format:

From Passport

  • Market sizes
  • Company shares
  • Analysis by type
  • Card expenditure by location
  • Card expenditure by sector
  • Domestic vs foreign spend

Market size details:

  • Retail value retail selling price % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Number of cards
  • Number of cards % growth
  • Number of cards per capita
  • Number of accounts
  • Number of accounts % growth
  • Number of accounts per capita
  • Transactions
  • Transactions % growth
  • Transactions per capita

Methodology

Methodology

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local mom-and-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data.

The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Research Methodology

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme. Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

  • National statistics offices governmental and official sources
  • National and international trade press
  • National and international trade associations
  • Industry study groups and other semi-official sources
  • Company financials and annual reports
  • Broker reports
  • Online databases
  • The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

  • Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store
  • Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?
  • Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices compare to those of branded goods?
  • Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

  • Fill gaps in available published data per company
  • Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category
  • Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date
  • Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press.

Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, national-specific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another?

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends.

Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.

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