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Country Report

Financial Cards and Payments in China

Apr 2012

Price: US$900

About this Report

About this Report

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Overview

Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Financial Cards and Payments industry in China with research from Euromonitor's team of in-country analysts.

Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections.

If you're in the Financial Cards and Payments industry in China, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions.

The Financial Cards and Payments in China market research report includes:

  • Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends  
  • Historic volumes and values, company and brand market shares
  • Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth
  • Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country

Our market research reports answer questions such as:

  • What is the market size of Financial Cards and Payments in China?
  • What are the major operators and issuers in China?
  • How will regulation impact the market?  
  • What is the current state of emerging payment technologies such as mobile commerce?

Why buy this report?

  • Gain competitive intelligence about market leaders
  • Track key industry trends, opportunities and threats
  • Inform your marketing, brand, strategy and market development, sales and supply functions

Euromonitor’s industry reports, including Financial Cards and Payments in China, originate from our database within our Consumer Finance market share and market size database, Passport, a platform which analyses Consumer Finance in 46 countries and globally.

Sample Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Banks shift from customer acquisition to customer retention in financial cards

Despite a slowdown in growth, the number of financial cards in circulation saw a steady increase in 2011. The main strategy of banks shifted towards customer retention and profitability, moving away from the acquisition of new customers. Most issuers of bank cards launched various promotions focusing on stimulating spending and waiving fees, to reduce the non-performing loan ratio of financial cards due to over-expansion.

Government regulation strengthens in financial cards

Owing to the rising importance of financial cards in consumers’ daily lives, the government’s involvement is strengthening from two aspects. On the one hand, the government helps domestic players to compete with foreign players by offering policy benefits or monopoly positions. On the other hand, the government is working on further regulation to keep control of financial cards and reduce the non-performing loan ratio.

Competition between foreign and domestic banks is even stronger

Domestic banks still dominate financial cards in China, whilst foreign banks became more robust during the review period. To compete with domestic banks in financial cards, foreign banks have been investing in high-end personal banking services with high profits, relying on effective risk control by rejecting low-income consumers. Besides, foreign banks have been investing in ATM locations rather than building branches. With a more open financial environment, foreign banks will seek faster growth in financial cards and payments in China.

Large scale upgrading to smart cards

According to People’s Bank of China, seven major banks in China will start to replace all the magnetic strip financial cards with IC cards from June 2011, including Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China, Bank of Communications, China Construction Bank, China Merchants Bank and Postal Savings Bank of China. All the RMB settlement account of the bank cards will be replaced by IC cards in five years. Smart card is expected to be a significant trend in the future, and will effectively reduce counterfeit card fraud.

Regional banks are more aggressive

Regional banks are more aggressive than state-owned banks in trying to issue credit cards to benefit from the development of payment and cross-bank settlement networks, such as Bank of Beijing, Bank of Ningbo and Bank of Shanghai. As major banks are under strengthened regulation, small- and medium-sized regional banks have great potential to provide innovative and personalised credit card services.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Industry Overview

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Banks shift from customer acquisition to customer retention in financial cards

Government regulation strengthens in financial cards

Competition between foreign and domestic banks is even stronger

Large scale upgrading to smart cards

Regional banks are more aggressive

KEY TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

Government deepens its involvement in financial cards

Upgrading to smart cards on a large scale

Commercial credit cards sees robust growth

Government strengthens third party payment regulation

MARKET INDICATORS

  • Table 1 Number of POS Terminals 2006-2011
  • Table 2 Number of ATMs 2006-2011
  • Table 3 Value Lost to Fraud 2006-2011
  • Table 4 Card Expenditure by Location 2011
  • Table 5 Card Expenditure by Category 2011
  • Table 6 Financial Cards in Circulation by Type: % Number of Cards 2006-2011
  • Table 7 Domestic versus Foreign Spend 2011

MARKET DATA

  • Table 8 Consumer Payments: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 9 Consumer Payments: Number of Transactions 2006-2011
  • Table 10 Financial Cards: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 11 Financial Cards Transactions: Value 2006-2011
  • Table 12 Financial Cards: Number of Transactions 2006-2011
  • Table 13 Financial Cards: Number of Accounts 2006-2011
  • Table 14 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 15 Financial Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 16 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 17 Financial Cards: Card Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 18 Consumer Payments Forecast: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 19 Consumer Payments Forecast: Number of Transactions 2011-2016
  • Table 20 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 21 Financial Cards Forecast: Value 2011-2016
  • Table 22 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Transactions 2011-2016
  • Table 23 Financial Cards Forecast: Number of Accounts 2011-2016

DEFINITIONS

ATM Function

Debit Function

Credit Function

Commercial Credit Cards

Charge Card Function

Commercial Charge Cards

Open Loop Pre-paid Function

Closed Loop Pre-paid Function

Store Cards

Pre-paid

Contact Smart Card

Contactless Smart Card

Card Expenditure by Location

Card Expenditure by Sector

Domestic Versus Foreign

Value Lost To Fraud

SOURCES

  • Summary 1 Research Sources

Financial Cards and Payments in China - Company Profiles

Agricultural Bank of China Ltd in Consumer Finance (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 4 Agricultural Bank of China Limited: Competitive Position 2010

Bank of Communications Ltd in Consumer Finance (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 7 Bank of Communications Ltd: Competitive Position 2010

China CITIC Bank Corp Ltd in Consumer Finance (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 10 China CITIC Bank Corp Ltd: Competitive Position 2010

China Mingsheng Bank Corp Ltd in Consumer Finance (China)

STRATEGIC DIRECTION

KEY FACTS

COMPANY BACKGROUND

COMPETITIVE POSITIONING

  • Summary 13 China Mingsheng Banking Corp Ltd: Competitive Position 2011

ATM Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Due to the aim to achieve full-scale coverage, the number of ATM machines was maintained in major cities, but still showed robust growth in rural areas. The growth of ATM transactions for small- and medium-sized banks surpassed the market average. Thanks to sustainable urbanisation in 2011, the ATM transactions of Agricultural Bank of China and Postal Savings Bank of China increased rapidly in second-tier and third-tier cities and rural areas.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Even though foreign banks vigorously expanded ATMs and POS terminals in 2011, domestic banks maintained the leading positions in terms of ATM transactions. Due to mature technology and full-scale coverage, the four state-owned banks accounted for the majority of share, amongst which China Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank of China operated most of the ATM machines in 2011.

PROSPECTS

  • Banks will continue to expand the ATM network in places other than traditional bank branches, including locations such as shopping malls and airports, to meet busy consumers’ various demands. Multi-functional ATMs which combine online banks, mobile banks and ATM functions will be the trend in the forecast period, bringing new selling points and the advantage of differentiation to banks.

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 24 ATM Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 25 ATM Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 26 ATM Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 27 ATM Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 28 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 29 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 30 ATM Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 31 ATM Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016

Credit Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Strengthened regulation made the banks further explore high-end and professional credit card services. Thus the banks made risk control and customer retention a priority, rather than acquiring new customers in the review period. There was a slowdown in the growth of credit cards in circulation from 15% in 2010 to 12% in 2011. Many banks paid more attention to customer re-evaluation, and controlling the credit limits of new customers.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Industrial & Commercial Bank of China retained its leading position in terms of issuing credit cards. At the end of 2010 it had issued 52 million credit cards, accounting for a 24% share. As the first domestic bank to issue IC credit cards, Industrial & Commercial Bank of China will benefit from government support, and hold the leading position in the forecast period. Bank of China overtook China Construction Bank Corp as the second largest issuer of credit cards in 2010, with a total of 29 million credit cards in circulation and share of 14%.

PROSPECTS

  • In the forecast period, credit card transactions and cards in circulation are expected to maintain sustainable growth. Chinese consumers will get used to bearing personal debt by using credit cards, especially younger consumers. The government’s stimulation of domestic consumption will also have a positive impact on credit card transactions.

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 32 Credit Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 33 Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 34 Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 35 Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 36 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 37 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 38 Personal Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 39 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 40 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 41 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 42 Commercial Credit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 43 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 44 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 45 Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 46 Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 47 Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 48 Personal Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 49 Personal Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 50 Personal Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 51 Personal Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 52 Commercial Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 53 Commercial Credit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 54 Commercial Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 55 Commercial Credit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 56 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 57 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 58 Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 59 Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 60 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 61 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 62 Personal Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 63 Personal Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 64 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 65 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 66 Commercial Credit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 67 Commercial Credit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016

Debit Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Banks attempted to encourage customers to convert from paying with cash to debit card in order to further increase the penetration of debit cards in China. Discounted annual fees and various co-branded debit cards were launched to encourage more customers to pay by debit card for expenses such as electricity and water, and social security. Besides, the rapid expansion of the POS terminal network also increased the use of credit cards instead of ATM withdrawals in 2011.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • China UnionPay maintained its monopoly position in debit cards in terms of operators in 2010. As the only domestic debit card operator, China UnionPay has significant government support and has developed a wide network in the domestic market. Foreign debit card operators have difficulty in taking share from China UnionPay.

PROSPECTS

  • Debit cards will continue to dominate financial cards in China, and debit cards will be a substitute for the conventional deposit and ATM withdrawal in the forecast period, as customers will adapt to electronic payment, owing to its convenience and the improving security of the technology. The universal application of IC cards will also benefit the development of multi-functional cross-industry and cross-sectoral debit cards.

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 68 Debit Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 69 Debit Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 70 Debit Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 71 Debit Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 72 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 73 Debit Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 74 Debit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 75 Debit Cards Payment Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 76 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 77 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 78 Debit Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 79 Debit Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016

Pre-Paid Card Transactions in China - Category Analysis

HEADLINES

TRENDS

  • Closed loop pre-paid cards remained the main format of pre-paid cards in China in 2011, whilst open loop pre-paid cards continued to be insignificant. It is an important traditional business courtesy in China to gift closed loop pre-paid card to business partners and employees. Companies prefer closed loop pre-paid cards, as they can be booked as an expense for tax avoidance and are safer as a present.

COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

  • Most pre-paid card issuers distribute their cards through their own channels. However, some institutions are trying to cooperate with banks and convenience stores, taking advantage of their powerful distribution networks. More and more convenience stores have set up reload service terminals, and automatic reloading machines were put into use at every metro stop in Shanghai and Beijing in the review period.

PROSPECTS

  • People’s Bank of China will work on the further regulation of third party non-financial institutions, especially pre-paid card issuers. ID-based real-name registration and nominal value will be the major measures to monitor financial security by China Banking Regulatory Commission. Detailed industrial standards will also be introduced in the forecast period according to the preliminary policies, which will be an obstacle to the growth of small pre-paid card issuers, but will bring opportunities to leading players and banks.

CATEGORY DATA

  • Table 80 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 81 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 82 Open Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: 2006-2011
  • Table 83 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2006-2011
  • Table 84 Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 85 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 86 Open Loop Pre-paid Cards Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 87 Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Category Performance: % Growth 2006-2011
  • Table 88 Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 89 Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 90 Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 91 Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 92 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 93 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards: Number of Cards by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 94 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Issuer 2006-2010
  • Table 95 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Transaction Value by Operator 2006-2010
  • Table 96 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 97 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 98 Open Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: 2011-2016
  • Table 99 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: Number of Cards in Circulation 2011-2016
  • Table 100 Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 101 Closed Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 102 Open Loop Pre-paid Cards Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016
  • Table 103 Pre-paid Cards in Circulation Forecast Category Performance: % Growth 2011-2016

Segmentation

Segmentation

This market research report includes the following:

  • Financial Cards in Circulation

Statistics Included

Statistics Included

For each category and subcategory you will receive the following data in Excel format:

From Passport

  • Market sizes
  • Company shares
  • Analysis by type
  • Card expenditure by location
  • Card expenditure by sector
  • Domestic vs foreign spend

Market size details:

  • Retail value retail selling price % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price real (constant 2008) prices % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price real (constant 2008) prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price real (constant 2008) prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Number of cards
  • Number of cards % growth
  • Number of cards per capita
  • Number of accounts
  • Number of accounts % growth
  • Number of accounts per capita
  • Transactions
  • Transactions % growth
  • Transactions per capita
  • Retail value retail selling price nominal (current) prices % growth
  • Retail value retail selling price nominal (current) prices local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY
  • Retail value retail selling price nominal (current) prices per capita local currency, USD, EUR, GBP, CHF, JPY

Methodology

Methodology

Global insight and local knowledge

With 40 years’ experience of developed and emerging markets, Euromonitor International’s research method is built on a unique combination of specialist industry knowledge and in-country research expertise.

This approach is what enables us to achieve our goal of building a market consensus view of size, shape and trends across the full distribution universe of each category. We factor in whichever channels are relevant, from large-scale grocery to direct sellers, from discount stores to local mom-and-pop outlets.

Industry specialists

Each industry we cover is managed by an Industry Manager and team of Industry Analysts who research and report on their specialist categories all year round.

Our collaborative approach to research means that these industry teams are in constant dialogue with industry players and opinion formers. The planning of our research programmes reflects latest market trends and industry events. In completing each update project, this provides invaluable input to the testing, review and finalisation of our data.

The specialist in-house teams bring together findings from all stages of the annual research process. They work closely with in-country analysts, assess and challenge data and exercise final editorial control over the publication of new data and analysis.

Country and regional analysts

Our in-country analyst network is managed by country and regional analysts in our offices around the world. Working closely with each in-country team, the regional research management team ensures that all country researchers are well schooled in best practices, from the information collected in store checks, to the dialogue we build in trade surveys. Our country analysts ensure that national reports explain the data trends and provide clear insights into the local market’s dynamics.

In-country research network

To deliver fresh insights every year in countries all around the world, we believe the strongest approach is to use analysts on the ground. They bring fluency in local language, physical proximity to the best sources, an ability to engage directly with local industry contacts, and an awareness of how the products and services we study are advertised, sold and consumed. These are essential parts of our ability to report incisively on these markets.

Research Methodology

Our research methods

Each Euromonitor International industry report is based on a core set of research techniques:

Desk research

With industry events, corporate activity, trends and new product introductions tracked year round by our industry team, desk research provides a starting point for the in-country research programme. Our in-country researchers will access the following sources:

  • National statistics offices governmental and official sources
  • National and international trade press
  • National and international trade associations
  • Industry study groups and other semi-official sources
  • Company financials and annual reports
  • Broker reports
  • Online databases
  • The financial, business and mainstream press

Accessing sources is only the first step. The ability to interpret and reconcile often conflicting information across multiple sources is a key aspect of the added value we provide.

Store checks

Store checks are an integral part of our methods for product industries. Carried out on the ground across a relevant mix of channels, the information gained provides first-hand insights into the products we are researching, specifically:

  • Place: We track products in all relevant channels, selective and mass, store and non-store
  • Product: What are innovations in products, pack sizes and formats?
  • Price: What are brand price variations across channels, how do private label’s prices compare to those of branded goods?
  • Promotion: What are marketing and merchandising trends, offers, discounts and tie-ins?

Findings are cross-referenced with brand share data analysis. The results, combined with the findings of desk research, provide a strong basis for identifying key areas of questioning to take forward into our trade survey.

Trade survey

Interaction with global players at corporate HQ and regional levels is complemented by unique local data and insights from our in-country trade surveys around the world. Through the high profile of the Euromonitor International brand, we are able to talk directly to a wide range of sources and therefore inform our analysis with the knowledge and opinions of the leading operators in the market.

Trade surveys allow us to:

  • Fill gaps in available published data per company
  • Generate a consensus view of the size, structure and strategic direction of the category
  • Access year-in-progress data where published sources are out of date
  • Evaluate the experts’ views on current trends and market developments

In building our composite industry view, we engage with a variety of personnel in key players at all points of the supply chain: materials suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and service operators. We also interview desk research sources: industry associations; study groups; and third party observers from the trade and financial press.

Our objective is to engage in conversation with trade sources in which we exchange ideas and views on the industry, sharing our work-in-progress findings on supply/demand dynamics and potential. This dialogue enhances both parties’ understanding of the local market. The scope and reach of our trade survey also serves to eliminate bias (intentional and unintentional) from any single source.

Company analysis

At a global level, our company research combines our mix of industry interaction and use of secondary sources such as annual accounts, broker reports, financial press and databases. From a data perspective, the aim is to build “top-down” estimates of major players’ total global and regional sales.

At a country level, in line with local reporting requirements, we access annual accounts, national-specific company databases and local company websites. These are all invaluable sources as we build a view of each domestic player’s size and position within very specific categories of the industry.

Forecasts

Data projections and future performance analysis are key elements of Euromonitor International’s market intelligence. Working with historic trends of 15 years or more, a key aspect of our trade survey is to engage industry insider views of the next five years. Will volumes maintain their historic trend? Will price increases or falls of recent years continue, accelerate or slow down? Will increasing demand for one product cannibalise sales of another?

Forecasts represent many of the essential conclusions we have reached about the current state of the market, how it works and how it behaves under different macro and micro conditions. Our written analysis will state the assumptions and the trade opinion behind whether our predictions are optimistic or pessimistic, so that clients can use our statistical forecasts with confidence.

Data validation

All data is subjected to an exhaustive review process, at country, regional and global levels.

The interpretation and review of sources and data inputs forms a central part of the collaboration between industry teams and country researchers. Numbers are delivered to regional and global offices with an audit trail of sources and calculations to allow for a thorough evaluation of data sense and integrity.

Upon completion of the country review phase, data is then reviewed on a comparative basis at regional and then at a global level. Comparative checks are carried out on per capita consumption and spending levels, growth rates, patterns of category and subcategory breakdowns and distribution of sales by channel. Top-down estimates are reviewed against bottom-up regional and global market and company sales totals.

Where marked differences are seen between proximate country markets or ones at similar developmental levels, supplementary research is conducted in the relevant countries to confirm and/or amend those findings. This process ensures international comparability across the database, that consistent category and subcategory definitions have been used and that all data has been correctly tested. We make sure that possible discrepancies between different published sources have been reconciled and that our interpretation of opinion and expectation from each country’s trade sources has been applied to form a coherent international pattern.

Market analysis

Another integral part of all our research programmes is that all Euromonitor International data is accompanied by clear written analysis. From a research perspective, this explains and substantiates data findings. From a client perspective, this offers unique insights into local consumption trends, routes to market, brand preferences, channel dynamics and future trends.

Our country level analysis also provides invaluable input into the ability of our central industry specialist teams to marry local insights with strategic conclusions on the direction of the market regionally and globally.

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